moved a bunch of garbage (things that have nothing to do in root) to _trash

_trash/lib/python3.11/site-packages/usb/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+# Copyright 2009-2017 Wander Lairson Costa
+# Copyright 2009-2021 PyUSB contributors
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+r"""PyUSB - Easy USB access in Python
+
+This package exports the following modules and subpackages:
+
+    core - the main USB implementation
+    legacy - the compatibility layer with 0.x version
+    backend - the support for backend implementations.
+    control - USB standard control requests.
+    libloader - helper module for backend library loading.
+
+Since version 1.0, main PyUSB implementation lives in the 'usb.core'
+module. New applications are encouraged to use it.
+"""
+
+import logging
+import os
+
+__author__ = 'Wander Lairson Costa'
+
+# Use Semantic Versioning, http://semver.org/
+try:
+    from usb._version import version as __version__
+except ImportError:
+    __version__ = '0.0.0'
+
+def _get_extended_version_info(version):
+    import re
+    m = re.match(r'(\d+)\.(\d+)(\.(\d+))?[.-]?(.*)', version)
+    major, minor, _, patch, suffix = m.groups()
+    return int(major), int(minor), int(patch or "0"), suffix
+
+extended_version_info = _get_extended_version_info(__version__)
+version_info = extended_version_info[:3]
+
+__all__ = ['legacy', 'control', 'core', 'backend', 'util', 'libloader']
+
+def _setup_log():
+    from usb import _debug
+    logger = logging.getLogger('usb')
+    debug_level = os.getenv('PYUSB_DEBUG')
+
+    if debug_level is not None:
+        _debug.enable_tracing(True)
+        filename = os.getenv('PYUSB_LOG_FILENAME')
+
+        LEVELS = {'debug': logging.DEBUG,
+                  'info': logging.INFO,
+                  'warning': logging.WARNING,
+                  'error': logging.ERROR,
+                  'critical': logging.CRITICAL}
+
+        level = LEVELS.get(debug_level, logging.CRITICAL + 10)
+        logger.setLevel(level = level)
+
+        try:
+            handler = logging.FileHandler(filename)
+        except:
+            handler = logging.StreamHandler()
+
+        fmt = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(levelname)s:%(name)s:%(message)s')
+        handler.setFormatter(fmt)
+        logger.addHandler(handler)
+    else:
+        class NullHandler(logging.Handler):
+            def emit(self, record):
+                pass
+
+        # We set the log level to avoid delegation to the
+        # parent log handler (if there is one).
+        # Thanks to Chris Clark to pointing this out.
+        logger.setLevel(logging.CRITICAL + 10)
+
+        logger.addHandler(NullHandler())
+
+
+_setup_log()
+
+# We import all 'legacy' module symbols to provide compatibility
+# with applications that use 0.x versions.
+from usb.legacy import *

_trash/lib/python3.11/site-packages/usb/_debug.py

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+# Copyright 2009-2017 Wander Lairson Costa
+# Copyright 2009-2021 PyUSB contributors
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+__author__ = 'Wander Lairson Costa'
+
+__all__ = ['methodtrace', 'functiontrace']
+
+import functools
+import logging
+
+_enable_tracing = False
+
+def enable_tracing(enable):
+    global _enable_tracing
+    _enable_tracing = enable
+
+def _trace_function_call(logger, fname, *args, **named_args):
+    logger.debug(
+                # TODO: check if 'f' is a method or a free function
+                fname + '(' + \
+                ', '.join((str(val) for val in args)) + \
+                ', '.join((name + '=' + str(val) for name, val in named_args.items())) + ')'
+            )
+
+# decorator for methods calls tracing
+def methodtrace(logger):
+    def decorator_logging(f):
+        if not _enable_tracing:
+            return f
+        def do_trace(*args, **named_args):
+            # this if is just a optimization to avoid unecessary string formatting
+            if logging.DEBUG >= logger.getEffectiveLevel():
+                fn = type(args[0]).__name__ + '.' + f.__name__
+                _trace_function_call(logger, fn, *args[1:], **named_args)
+            return f(*args, **named_args)
+        functools.update_wrapper(do_trace, f)
+        return do_trace
+    return decorator_logging
+
+# decorator for methods calls tracing
+def functiontrace(logger):
+    def decorator_logging(f):
+        if not _enable_tracing:
+            return f
+        def do_trace(*args, **named_args):
+            # this if is just a optimization to avoid unecessary string formatting
+            if logging.DEBUG >= logger.getEffectiveLevel():
+                _trace_function_call(logger, f.__name__, *args, **named_args)
+            return f(*args, **named_args)
+        functools.update_wrapper(do_trace, f)
+        return do_trace
+    return decorator_logging

_trash/lib/python3.11/site-packages/usb/_interop.py

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# Copyright 2009-2017 Wander Lairson Costa
+# Copyright 2009-2021 PyUSB contributors
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+# All the hacks necessary to assure compatibility across all
+# supported versions come here.
+# Please, note that there is one version check for each
+# hack we need to do, this makes maintenance easier... ^^
+
+import sys
+import array
+import usb.util as util
+
+__all__ = []
+
+# we support Python >= 3.9
+assert sys.hexversion >= 0x030900f0
+
+def as_array(data_or_length=None):
+    """Convert loosely specified `data_or_length` to a byte array.
+
+    The following types of `data_or_length` are supported:
+
+    - an `array('B')` value (no-op, returns it back);
+    - the `None` value (returns an new empty array);
+    - an integer length (returns a new array with the specified size);
+    - lists or iterables of small enough integers;
+    - strings.
+    """
+
+    if isinstance(data_or_length, array.array) and data_or_length.typecode == 'B':
+        return data_or_length
+
+    if isinstance(data_or_length, str):
+        return array.array('B', data_or_length.encode('utf-8'))
+
+    if data_or_length is None:
+        return array.array('B')
+
+    try:
+        return util.create_buffer(data_or_length)
+    except TypeError:
+        return array.array('B', data_or_length)

_trash/lib/python3.11/site-packages/usb/_lookup.py

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+# Copyright 2009-2017 Wander Lairson Costa
+# Copyright 2009-2021 PyUSB contributors
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+r"""usb._lookups - Lookup tables for USB
+"""
+
+descriptors = {
+        0x1 : "Device",
+        0x2 : "Configuration",
+        0x3 : "String",
+        0x4 : "Interface",
+        0x5 : "Endpoint",
+        0x6 : "Device qualifier",
+        0x7 : "Other speed configuration",
+        0x8 : "Interface power",
+        0x9 : "OTG",
+        0xA : "Debug",
+        0xB : "Interface association",
+        0xC : "Security",
+        0xD : "Key",
+        0xE : "Encryption type",
+        0xF : "Binary device object store (BOS)",
+        0x10 : "Device capability",
+        0x11 : "Wireless endpoint companion",
+        0x30 : "SuperSpeed endpoint companion",
+        }
+
+device_classes = {
+        0x0 : "Specified at interface",
+        0x2 : "Communications Device",
+        0x9 : "Hub",
+        0xF : "Personal Healthcare Device",
+        0xDC : "Diagnostic Device",
+        0xE0 : "Wireless Controller",
+        0xEF : "Miscellaneous",
+        0xFF : "Vendor-specific",
+        }
+
+interface_classes = {
+        0x0 : "Reserved",
+        0x1 : "Audio",
+        0x2 : "CDC Communication",
+        0x3 : "Human Interface Device",
+        0x5 : "Physical",
+        0x6 : "Image",
+        0x7 : "Printer",
+        0x8 : "Mass Storage",
+        0x9 : "Hub",
+        0xA : "CDC Data",
+        0xB : "Smart Card",
+        0xD : "Content Security",
+        0xE : "Video",
+        0xF : "Personal Healthcare",
+        0xDC : "Diagnostic Device",
+        0xE0 : "Wireless Controller",
+        0xEF : "Miscellaneous",
+        0xFE : "Application Specific",
+        0xFF : "Vendor Specific",
+        }
+
+ep_attributes = {
+        0x0 : "Control",
+        0x1 : "Isochronous",
+        0x2 : "Bulk",
+        0x3 : "Interrupt",
+        }
+
+MAX_POWER_UNITS_USB2p0 = 2             # mA
+MAX_POWER_UNITS_USB_SUPERSPEED = 8     # mA

_trash/lib/python3.11/site-packages/usb/_objfinalizer.py

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright 2009-2017 Wander Lairson Costa
+# Copyright 2009-2021 PyUSB contributors
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+__all__ = ['AutoFinalizedObject']
+
+
+class _AutoFinalizedObjectBase(object):
+    """
+    Base class for objects that get automatically
+    finalized on delete or at exit.
+    """
+
+    def _finalize_object(self):
+        """Actually finalizes the object (frees allocated resources etc.).
+
+        Returns: None
+
+        Derived classes should implement this.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Creates a new object instance and adds the private finalizer
+        attributes to it.
+
+        Returns: new object instance
+
+        Arguments:
+        * *args, **kwargs -- ignored
+        """
+        instance = super(_AutoFinalizedObjectBase, cls).__new__(cls)
+        instance._finalize_called = False
+        return instance
+
+    def _do_finalize_object(self):
+        """Helper method that finalizes the object if not already done.
+
+        Returns: None
+        """
+        if not self._finalize_called: # race-free?
+            self._finalize_called = True
+            self._finalize_object()
+
+    def finalize(self):
+        """Finalizes the object if not already done.
+
+        Returns: None
+        """
+        # this is the "public" finalize method
+        raise NotImplementedError(
+            "finalize() must be implemented by AutoFinalizedObject."
+        )
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        self.finalize()
+
+
+import weakref
+
+def _do_finalize_object_ref(obj_ref):
+    """Helper function for weakref.finalize() that dereferences a weakref
+    to an object and calls its _do_finalize_object() method if the object
+    is still alive. Does nothing otherwise.
+
+    Returns: None (implicit)
+
+    Arguments:
+    * obj_ref -- weakref to an object
+    """
+    obj = obj_ref()
+    if obj is not None:
+        # else object disappeared
+        obj._do_finalize_object()
+
+
+class AutoFinalizedObject(_AutoFinalizedObjectBase):
+
+    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Creates a new object instance and adds the private finalizer
+        attributes to it.
+
+        Returns: new object instance
+
+        Arguments:
+        * *args, **kwargs -- passed to the parent instance creator
+                             (which ignores them)
+        """
+        # Note:   Do not pass a (hard) reference to instance to the
+        #         finalizer as func/args/kwargs, it'd keep the object
+        #         alive until the program terminates.
+        #         A weak reference is fine.
+        #
+        # Note 2: When using weakrefs and not calling finalize() in
+        #         __del__, the object may already have disappeared
+        #         when weakref.finalize() kicks in.
+        #         Make sure that _finalizer() gets called,
+        #         i.e. keep __del__() from the base class.
+        #
+        # Note 3: the _finalize_called attribute is (probably) useless
+        #         for this class
+        instance = super(AutoFinalizedObject, cls).__new__(
+            cls, *args, **kwargs
+        )
+
+        instance._finalizer = weakref.finalize(
+            instance, _do_finalize_object_ref, weakref.ref(instance)
+        )
+
+        return instance
+
+    def finalize(self):
+        """Finalizes the object if not already done."""
+        self._finalizer()

_trash/lib/python3.11/site-packages/usb/_version.py

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# file generated by setuptools_scm
+# don't change, don't track in version control
+TYPE_CHECKING = False
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Tuple, Union
+    VERSION_TUPLE = Tuple[Union[int, str], ...]
+else:
+    VERSION_TUPLE = object
+
+version: str
+__version__: str
+__version_tuple__: VERSION_TUPLE
+version_tuple: VERSION_TUPLE
+
+__version__ = version = '1.3.1'
+__version_tuple__ = version_tuple = (1, 3, 1)

_trash/lib/python3.11/site-packages/usb/backend/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,384 @@
+# Copyright 2009-2017 Wander Lairson Costa
+# Copyright 2009-2021 PyUSB contributors
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+r"""usb.backend - Backend interface.
+
+This module exports:
+
+IBackend - backend interface.
+
+Backends are Python objects which implement the IBackend interface.
+The easiest way to do so is inherinting from IBackend.
+
+PyUSB already provides backends for libusb versions 0.1 and 1.0,
+and OpenUSB library. Backends modules included with PyUSB are required to
+export the get_backend() function, which returns an instance of a backend
+object. You can provide your own customized backend if you
+want to. Below you find a skeleton of a backend implementation module:
+
+import usb.backend
+
+class MyBackend(usb.backend.IBackend):
+    pass
+
+def get_backend():
+    return MyBackend()
+
+You can use your customized backend by passing it as the backend parameter of the
+usb.core.find() function. For example:
+
+import custom_backend
+import usb.core
+
+myidVendor = 0xfffe
+myidProduct = 0x0001
+
+mybackend = custom_backend.get_backend()
+
+dev = usb.core.find(backend = mybackend, idProduct=myidProduct,
+                    idVendor=myidVendor)
+
+For custom backends, you are not required to supply the get_backend() function,
+since the application code will instantiate the backend.
+
+If you do not provide a backend to the find() function, it will use one of the
+defaults backend according to its internal rules. For details, consult the
+find() function documentation.
+"""
+
+import usb._objfinalizer as _objfinalizer
+
+__author__ = 'Wander Lairson Costa'
+
+__all__ = ['IBackend', 'libusb0', 'libusb1', 'openusb']
+
+def _not_implemented(func):
+    raise NotImplementedError(func.__name__)
+
+class IBackend(_objfinalizer.AutoFinalizedObject):
+    r"""Backend interface.
+
+    IBackend is the basic interface for backend implementations. By default,
+    the methods of the interface raise a NotImplementedError exception. A
+    backend implementation should replace the methods to provide the funcionality
+    necessary.
+
+    As Python is a dynamic typed language, you are not obligated to inherit from
+    IBackend: everything that behaves like an IBackend is an IBackend. But you
+    are strongly recommended to do so, inheriting from IBackend provides consistent
+    default behavior.
+    """
+
+    def enumerate_devices(self):
+        r"""This function is required to return an iterable object which
+        yields an implementation defined device identification for each
+        USB device found in the system.
+
+        The device identification object is used as argument to other methods
+        of the interface.
+        """
+        _not_implemented(self.enumerate_devices)
+
+    def get_parent(self, dev):
+        """Return the parent device of the given device."""
+        _not_implemented(self.get_parent)
+
+    def get_device_descriptor(self, dev):
+        r"""Return the device descriptor of the given device.
+
+        The object returned is required to have all the Device Descriptor
+        fields accessible as member variables. They must be convertible (but
+        not required to be equal) to the int type.
+
+        dev is an object yielded by the iterator returned by the enumerate_devices()
+        method.
+        """
+        _not_implemented(self.get_device_descriptor)
+
+    def get_configuration_descriptor(self, dev, config):
+        r"""Return a configuration descriptor of the given device.
+
+        The object returned is required to have all the Configuration Descriptor
+        fields acessible as member variables. They must be convertible (but
+        not required to be equal) to the int type.
+
+        The dev parameter is the device identification object.
+        config is the logical index of the configuration (not the bConfigurationValue
+        field).  By "logical index" we mean the relative order of the configurations
+        returned by the peripheral as a result of GET_DESCRIPTOR request.
+        """
+        _not_implemented(self.get_configuration_descriptor)
+
+    def get_interface_descriptor(self, dev, intf, alt, config):
+        r"""Return an interface descriptor of the given device.
+
+        The object returned is required to have all the Interface Descriptor
+        fields accessible as member variables. They must be convertible (but
+        not required to be equal) to the int type.
+
+        The dev parameter is the device identification object.
+        The intf parameter is the interface logical index (not the bInterfaceNumber field)
+        and alt is the alternate setting logical index (not the bAlternateSetting value).
+        Not every interface has more than one alternate setting.  In this case, the alt
+        parameter should be zero. config is the configuration logical index (not the
+        bConfigurationValue field).
+        """
+        _not_implemented(self.get_interface_descriptor)
+
+    def get_endpoint_descriptor(self, dev, ep, intf, alt, config):
+        r"""Return an endpoint descriptor of the given device.
+
+        The object returned is required to have all the Endpoint Descriptor
+        fields acessible as member variables. They must be convertible (but
+        not required to be equal) to the int type.
+
+        The ep parameter is the endpoint logical index (not the bEndpointAddress
+        field) of the endpoint descriptor desired. dev, intf, alt and config are the same
+        values already described in the get_interface_descriptor() method.
+        """
+        _not_implemented(self.get_endpoint_descriptor)
+
+    def open_device(self, dev):
+        r"""Open the device for data exchange.
+
+        This method opens the device identified by the dev parameter for communication.
+        This method must be called before calling any communication related method, such
+        as transfer methods.
+
+        It returns a handle identifying the communication instance. This handle must be
+        passed to the communication methods.
+        """
+        _not_implemented(self.open_device)
+
+    def close_device(self, dev_handle):
+        r"""Close the device handle.
+
+        This method closes the device communication channel and releases any
+        system resources related to it.
+        """
+        _not_implemented(self.close_device)
+
+    def set_configuration(self, dev_handle, config_value):
+        r"""Set the active device configuration.
+
+        This method should be called to set the active configuration
+        of the device. The dev_handle parameter is the value returned
+        by the open_device() method and the config_value parameter is the
+        bConfigurationValue field of the related configuration descriptor.
+        """
+        _not_implemented(self.set_configuration)
+
+    def get_configuration(self, dev_handle):
+        r"""Get the current active device configuration.
+
+        This method returns the bConfigurationValue of the currently
+        active configuration. Depending on the backend and the OS,
+        either a cached value may be returned or a control request may
+        be issued. The dev_handle parameter is the value returned by
+        the open_device method.
+        """
+        _not_implemented(self.get_configuration)
+
+    def set_interface_altsetting(self, dev_handle, intf, altsetting):
+        r"""Set the interface alternate setting.
+
+        This method should only be called when the interface has more than
+        one alternate setting. The dev_handle is the value returned by the
+        open_device() method. intf and altsetting are respectively the
+        bInterfaceNumber and bAlternateSetting fields of the related interface.
+        """
+        _not_implemented(self.set_interface_altsetting)
+
+    def claim_interface(self, dev_handle, intf):
+        r"""Claim the given interface.
+
+        Interface claiming is not related to USB spec itself, but it is
+        generally an necessary call of the USB libraries. It requests exclusive
+        access to the interface on the system. This method must be called
+        before using one of the transfer methods.
+
+        dev_handle is the value returned by the open_device() method and
+        intf is the bInterfaceNumber field of the desired interface.
+        """
+        _not_implemented(self.claim_interface)
+
+    def release_interface(self, dev_handle, intf):
+        r"""Release the claimed interface.
+
+        dev_handle and intf are the same parameters of the claim_interface
+        method.
+        """
+        _not_implemented(self.release_interface)
+
+    def bulk_write(self, dev_handle, ep, intf, data, timeout):
+        r"""Perform a bulk write.
+
+        dev_handle is the value returned by the open_device() method.
+        The ep parameter is the bEndpointAddress field whose endpoint
+        the data will be sent to. intf is the bInterfaceNumber field
+        of the interface containing the endpoint. The data parameter
+        is the data to be sent. It must be an instance of the array.array
+        class. The timeout parameter specifies a time limit to the operation
+        in milliseconds.
+
+        The method returns the number of bytes written.
+        """
+        _not_implemented(self.bulk_write)
+
+    def bulk_read(self, dev_handle, ep, intf, buff, timeout):
+        r"""Perform a bulk read.
+
+        dev_handle is the value returned by the open_device() method.
+        The ep parameter is the bEndpointAddress field whose endpoint
+        the data will be received from. intf is the bInterfaceNumber field
+        of the interface containing the endpoint. The buff parameter
+        is the buffer to receive the data read, the length of the buffer
+        tells how many bytes should be read. The timeout parameter
+        specifies a time limit to the operation in milliseconds.
+
+        The method returns the number of bytes actually read.
+        """
+        _not_implemented(self.bulk_read)
+
+    def intr_write(self, dev_handle, ep, intf, data, timeout):
+        r"""Perform an interrupt write.
+
+        dev_handle is the value returned by the open_device() method.
+        The ep parameter is the bEndpointAddress field whose endpoint
+        the data will be sent to. intf is the bInterfaceNumber field
+        of the interface containing the endpoint. The data parameter
+        is the data to be sent. It must be an instance of the array.array
+        class. The timeout parameter specifies a time limit to the operation
+        in milliseconds.
+
+        The method returns the number of bytes written.
+        """
+        _not_implemented(self.intr_write)
+
+    def intr_read(self, dev_handle, ep, intf, size, timeout):
+        r"""Perform an interrupt read.
+
+        dev_handle is the value returned by the open_device() method.
+        The ep parameter is the bEndpointAddress field whose endpoint
+        the data will be received from. intf is the bInterfaceNumber field
+        of the interface containing the endpoint. The buff parameter
+        is the buffer to receive the data read, the length of the buffer
+        tells how many bytes should be read.  The timeout parameter
+        specifies a time limit to the operation in milliseconds.
+
+        The method returns the number of bytes actually read.
+        """
+        _not_implemented(self.intr_read)
+
+    def iso_write(self, dev_handle, ep, intf, data, timeout):
+        r"""Perform an isochronous write.
+
+        dev_handle is the value returned by the open_device() method.
+        The ep parameter is the bEndpointAddress field whose endpoint
+        the data will be sent to. intf is the bInterfaceNumber field
+        of the interface containing the endpoint. The data parameter
+        is the data to be sent. It must be an instance of the array.array
+        class. The timeout parameter specifies a time limit to the operation
+        in milliseconds.
+
+        The method returns the number of bytes written.
+        """
+        _not_implemented(self.iso_write)
+
+    def iso_read(self, dev_handle, ep, intf, size, timeout):
+        r"""Perform an isochronous read.
+
+        dev_handle is the value returned by the open_device() method.
+        The ep parameter is the bEndpointAddress field whose endpoint
+        the data will be received from. intf is the bInterfaceNumber field
+        of the interface containing the endpoint. The buff parameter
+        is buffer to receive the data read, the length of the buffer tells
+        how many bytes should be read. The timeout parameter specifies
+        a time limit to the operation in milliseconds.
+
+        The method returns the number of bytes actually read.
+        """
+        _not_implemented(self.iso_read)
+
+    def ctrl_transfer(self,
+                      dev_handle,
+                      bmRequestType,
+                      bRequest,
+                      wValue,
+                      wIndex,
+                      data,
+                      timeout):
+        r"""Perform a control transfer on the endpoint 0.
+
+        The direction of the transfer is inferred from the bmRequestType
+        field of the setup packet.
+
+        dev_handle is the value returned by the open_device() method.
+        bmRequestType, bRequest, wValue and wIndex are the same fields
+        of the setup packet. data is an array object, for OUT requests
+        it contains the bytes to transmit in the data stage and for
+        IN requests it is the buffer to hold the data read. The number
+        of bytes requested to transmit or receive is equal to the length
+        of the array times the data.itemsize field. The timeout parameter
+        specifies a time limit to the operation in milliseconds.
+
+        Return the number of bytes written (for OUT transfers) or the data
+        read (for IN transfers), as an array.array object.
+        """
+        _not_implemented(self.ctrl_transfer)
+
+    def clear_halt(self, dev_handle, ep):
+        r"""Clear the halt/stall condition for the endpoint."""
+        _not_implemented(self.clear_halt)
+
+    def reset_device(self, dev_handle):
+        r"""Reset the device."""
+        _not_implemented(self.reset_device)
+
+    def is_kernel_driver_active(self, dev_handle, intf):
+        r"""Determine if a kernel driver is active on an interface.
+
+        If a kernel driver is active, you cannot claim the interface,
+        and the backend will be unable to perform I/O.
+        """
+        _not_implemented(self.is_kernel_driver_active)
+
+    def detach_kernel_driver(self, dev_handle, intf):
+        r"""Detach a kernel driver from an interface.
+
+        If successful, you will then be able to claim the interface
+        and perform I/O.
+        """
+        _not_implemented(self.detach_kernel_driver)
+
+    def attach_kernel_driver(self, dev_handle, intf):
+        r"""Re-attach an interface's kernel driver, which was previously
+        detached using detach_kernel_driver()."""
+        _not_implemented(self.attach_kernel_driver)

_trash/lib/python3.11/site-packages/usb/backend/libusb0.py

@@ -0,0 +1,748 @@
+# Copyright 2009-2017 Wander Lairson Costa
+# Copyright 2009-2021 PyUSB contributors
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+from ctypes import *
+import errno
+import os
+import usb.backend
+import usb.util
+import sys
+from usb.core import USBError, USBTimeoutError
+from usb._debug import methodtrace
+import usb._interop as _interop
+import logging
+import usb.libloader
+
+__author__ = 'Wander Lairson Costa'
+
+__all__ = ['get_backend']
+
+_logger = logging.getLogger('usb.backend.libusb0')
+
+_USBFS_MAXDRIVERNAME = 255
+
+# usb.h
+
+if sys.platform.find('bsd') != -1 or sys.platform.find('mac') != -1 or \
+        sys.platform.find('darwin') != -1 or sys.platform.find('sunos5') != -1:
+    _PATH_MAX = 1024
+elif sys.platform == 'win32' or sys.platform == 'cygwin':
+    _PATH_MAX = 511
+else:
+    _PATH_MAX = os.pathconf('.', 'PC_PATH_MAX')
+
+# libusb-win32 makes all structures packed, while
+# default libusb only does for some structures
+# _PackPolicy defines the structure packing according
+# to the platform.
+class _PackPolicy(object):
+    pass
+
+if sys.platform == 'win32' or sys.platform == 'cygwin':
+    _PackPolicy._pack_ = 1
+
+# Data structures
+
+class _usb_descriptor_header(Structure):
+    _pack_ = 1
+    _fields_ = [('blength', c_uint8),
+                ('bDescriptorType', c_uint8)]
+
+class _usb_string_descriptor(Structure):
+    _pack_ = 1
+    _fields_ = [('bLength', c_uint8),
+                ('bDescriptorType', c_uint8),
+                ('wData', c_uint16)]
+
+class _usb_endpoint_descriptor(Structure, _PackPolicy):
+    _fields_ = [('bLength', c_uint8),
+                ('bDescriptorType', c_uint8),
+                ('bEndpointAddress', c_uint8),
+                ('bmAttributes', c_uint8),
+                ('wMaxPacketSize', c_uint16),
+                ('bInterval', c_uint8),
+                ('bRefresh', c_uint8),
+                ('bSynchAddress', c_uint8),
+                ('extra', POINTER(c_uint8)),
+                ('extralen', c_int)]
+
+class _usb_interface_descriptor(Structure, _PackPolicy):
+    _fields_ = [('bLength', c_uint8),
+                ('bDescriptorType', c_uint8),
+                ('bInterfaceNumber', c_uint8),
+                ('bAlternateSetting', c_uint8),
+                ('bNumEndpoints', c_uint8),
+                ('bInterfaceClass', c_uint8),
+                ('bInterfaceSubClass', c_uint8),
+                ('bInterfaceProtocol', c_uint8),
+                ('iInterface', c_uint8),
+                ('endpoint', POINTER(_usb_endpoint_descriptor)),
+                ('extra', POINTER(c_uint8)),
+                ('extralen', c_int)]
+
+class _usb_interface(Structure, _PackPolicy):
+    _fields_ = [('altsetting', POINTER(_usb_interface_descriptor)),
+                ('num_altsetting', c_int)]
+
+class _usb_config_descriptor(Structure, _PackPolicy):
+    _fields_ = [('bLength', c_uint8),
+                ('bDescriptorType', c_uint8),
+                ('wTotalLength', c_uint16),
+                ('bNumInterfaces', c_uint8),
+                ('bConfigurationValue', c_uint8),
+                ('iConfiguration', c_uint8),
+                ('bmAttributes', c_uint8),
+                ('bMaxPower', c_uint8),
+                ('interface', POINTER(_usb_interface)),
+                ('extra', POINTER(c_uint8)),
+                ('extralen', c_int)]
+
+class _usb_device_descriptor(Structure, _PackPolicy):
+    _pack_ = 1
+    _fields_ = [('bLength', c_uint8),
+                ('bDescriptorType', c_uint8),
+                ('bcdUSB', c_uint16),
+                ('bDeviceClass', c_uint8),
+                ('bDeviceSubClass', c_uint8),
+                ('bDeviceProtocol', c_uint8),
+                ('bMaxPacketSize0', c_uint8),
+                ('idVendor', c_uint16),
+                ('idProduct', c_uint16),
+                ('bcdDevice', c_uint16),
+                ('iManufacturer', c_uint8),
+                ('iProduct', c_uint8),
+                ('iSerialNumber', c_uint8),
+                ('bNumConfigurations', c_uint8)]
+
+class _usb_device(Structure, _PackPolicy):
+    pass
+
+class _usb_bus(Structure, _PackPolicy):
+    pass
+
+_usb_device._fields_ = [('next', POINTER(_usb_device)),
+                        ('prev', POINTER(_usb_device)),
+                        ('filename', c_int8 * (_PATH_MAX + 1)),
+                        ('bus', POINTER(_usb_bus)),
+                        ('descriptor', _usb_device_descriptor),
+                        ('config', POINTER(_usb_config_descriptor)),
+                        ('dev', c_void_p),
+                        ('devnum', c_uint8),
+                        ('num_children', c_ubyte),
+                        ('children', POINTER(POINTER(_usb_device)))]
+
+_usb_bus._fields_ = [('next', POINTER(_usb_bus)),
+                     ('prev', POINTER(_usb_bus)),
+                     ('dirname', c_char * (_PATH_MAX + 1)),
+                     ('devices', POINTER(_usb_device)),
+                     ('location', c_uint32),
+                     ('root_dev', POINTER(_usb_device))]
+
+_usb_dev_handle = c_void_p
+
+class _DeviceDescriptor:
+    def __init__(self, dev):
+        desc = dev.descriptor
+        self.bLength = desc.bLength
+        self.bDescriptorType = desc.bDescriptorType
+        self.bcdUSB = desc.bcdUSB
+        self.bDeviceClass = desc.bDeviceClass
+        self.bDeviceSubClass = desc.bDeviceSubClass
+        self.bDeviceProtocol = desc.bDeviceProtocol
+        self.bMaxPacketSize0 = desc.bMaxPacketSize0
+        self.idVendor = desc.idVendor
+        self.idProduct = desc.idProduct
+        self.bcdDevice = desc.bcdDevice
+        self.iManufacturer = desc.iManufacturer
+        self.iProduct = desc.iProduct
+        self.iSerialNumber = desc.iSerialNumber
+        self.bNumConfigurations = desc.bNumConfigurations
+        self.address = dev.devnum
+        self.bus = dev.bus[0].location
+
+        self.port_number = None
+        self.port_numbers = None
+        self.speed = None
+
+_lib = None
+
+def _load_library(find_library=None):
+    return usb.libloader.load_locate_library(
+                ('usb-0.1', 'usb', 'libusb0'),
+                'cygusb0.dll', 'Libusb 0',
+                find_library=find_library
+    )
+
+def _setup_prototypes(lib):
+    # usb_dev_handle *usb_open(struct usb_device *dev);
+    lib.usb_open.argtypes = [POINTER(_usb_device)]
+    lib.usb_open.restype = _usb_dev_handle
+
+    # int usb_close(usb_dev_handle *dev);
+    lib.usb_close.argtypes = [_usb_dev_handle]
+
+    # int usb_get_string(usb_dev_handle *dev,
+    #                    int index,
+    #                    int langid,
+    #                    char *buf,
+    #                    size_t buflen);
+    lib.usb_get_string.argtypes = [
+            _usb_dev_handle,
+            c_int,
+            c_int,
+            c_char_p,
+            c_size_t
+        ]
+
+    # int usb_get_string_simple(usb_dev_handle *dev,
+    #                           int index,
+    #                           char *buf,
+    #                           size_t buflen);
+    lib.usb_get_string_simple.argtypes = [
+            _usb_dev_handle,
+            c_int,
+            c_char_p,
+            c_size_t
+        ]
+
+    # int usb_get_descriptor_by_endpoint(usb_dev_handle *udev,
+    #                                    int ep,
+    #                                    unsigned char type,
+    #                                    unsigned char index,
+    #                                    void *buf,
+    #                                    int size);
+    lib.usb_get_descriptor_by_endpoint.argtypes = [
+                                _usb_dev_handle,
+                                c_int,
+                                c_ubyte,
+                                c_ubyte,
+                                c_void_p,
+                                c_int
+                            ]
+
+    # int usb_get_descriptor(usb_dev_handle *udev,
+    #                        unsigned char type,
+    #                        unsigned char index,
+    #                        void *buf,
+    #                        int size);
+    lib.usb_get_descriptor.argtypes = [
+                    _usb_dev_handle,
+                    c_ubyte,
+                    c_ubyte,
+                    c_void_p,
+                    c_int
+                ]
+
+    # int usb_bulk_write(usb_dev_handle *dev,
+    #                    int ep,
+    #                    const char *bytes,
+    #                    int size,
+    #                    int timeout);
+    lib.usb_bulk_write.argtypes = [
+            _usb_dev_handle,
+            c_int,
+            c_char_p,
+            c_int,
+            c_int
+        ]
+
+    # int usb_bulk_read(usb_dev_handle *dev,
+    #                   int ep,
+    #                   char *bytes,
+    #                   int size,
+    #                   int timeout);
+    lib.usb_bulk_read.argtypes = [
+            _usb_dev_handle,
+            c_int,
+            c_char_p,
+            c_int,
+            c_int
+        ]
+
+    # int usb_interrupt_write(usb_dev_handle *dev,
+    #                         int ep,
+    #                         const char *bytes,
+    #                         int size,
+    #                         int timeout);
+    lib.usb_interrupt_write.argtypes = [
+            _usb_dev_handle,
+            c_int,
+            c_char_p,
+            c_int,
+            c_int
+        ]
+
+    # int usb_interrupt_read(usb_dev_handle *dev,
+    #                        int ep,
+    #                        char *bytes,
+    #                        int size,
+    #                        int timeout);
+    lib.usb_interrupt_read.argtypes = [
+            _usb_dev_handle,
+            c_int,
+            c_char_p,
+            c_int,
+            c_int
+        ]
+
+    # int usb_control_msg(usb_dev_handle *dev,
+    #                     int requesttype,
+    #                     int request,
+    #                     int value,
+    #                     int index,
+    #                     char *bytes,
+    #                     int size,
+    #                     int timeout);
+    lib.usb_control_msg.argtypes = [
+            _usb_dev_handle,
+            c_int,
+            c_int,
+            c_int,
+            c_int,
+            c_char_p,
+            c_int,
+            c_int
+        ]
+
+    # int usb_set_configuration(usb_dev_handle *dev, int configuration);
+    lib.usb_set_configuration.argtypes = [_usb_dev_handle, c_int]
+
+    # int usb_claim_interface(usb_dev_handle *dev, int interface);
+    lib.usb_claim_interface.argtypes = [_usb_dev_handle, c_int]
+
+    # int usb_release_interface(usb_dev_handle *dev, int interface);
+    lib.usb_release_interface.argtypes = [_usb_dev_handle, c_int]
+
+    # int usb_set_altinterface(usb_dev_handle *dev, int alternate);
+    lib.usb_set_altinterface.argtypes = [_usb_dev_handle, c_int]
+
+    # int usb_resetep(usb_dev_handle *dev, unsigned int ep);
+    lib.usb_resetep.argtypes = [_usb_dev_handle, c_int]
+
+    # int usb_clear_halt(usb_dev_handle *dev, unsigned int ep);
+    lib.usb_clear_halt.argtypes = [_usb_dev_handle, c_int]
+
+    # int usb_reset(usb_dev_handle *dev);
+    lib.usb_reset.argtypes = [_usb_dev_handle]
+
+    # char *usb_strerror(void);
+    lib.usb_strerror.argtypes = []
+    lib.usb_strerror.restype = c_char_p
+
+    # void usb_set_debug(int level);
+    lib.usb_set_debug.argtypes = [c_int]
+
+    # struct usb_device *usb_device(usb_dev_handle *dev);
+    lib.usb_device.argtypes = [_usb_dev_handle]
+    lib.usb_device.restype = POINTER(_usb_device)
+
+    # struct usb_bus *usb_get_busses(void);
+    lib.usb_get_busses.restype = POINTER(_usb_bus)
+
+    # linux only
+
+    # int usb_get_driver_np(usb_dev_handle *dev,
+    #                       int interface,
+    #                       char *name,
+    #                       unsigned int namelen);
+    if hasattr(lib, 'usb_get_driver_np'):
+        lib.usb_get_driver_np.argtypes = \
+            [_usb_dev_handle, c_int, c_char_p, c_uint]
+
+    # int usb_detach_kernel_driver_np(usb_dev_handle *dev, int interface);
+    if hasattr(lib, 'usb_detach_kernel_driver_np'):
+        lib.usb_detach_kernel_driver_np.argtypes = [_usb_dev_handle, c_int]
+
+    # libusb-win32 only
+
+    # int usb_isochronous_setup_async(usb_dev_handle *dev,
+    #                                 void **context,
+    #                                 unsigned char ep,
+    #                                 int pktsize)
+    if hasattr(lib, 'usb_isochronous_setup_async'):
+        lib.usb_isochronous_setup_async.argtypes = \
+            [_usb_dev_handle, POINTER(c_void_p), c_uint8, c_int]
+
+    # int usb_bulk_setup_async(usb_dev_handle *dev,
+    #                          void **context,
+    #                          unsigned char ep)
+    if hasattr(lib, 'usb_bulk_setup_async'):
+        lib.usb_bulk_setup_async.argtypes = \
+            [_usb_dev_handle, POINTER(c_void_p), c_uint8]
+
+    # int usb_interrupt_setup_async(usb_dev_handle *dev,
+    #                               void **context,
+    #                               unsigned char ep)
+    if hasattr(lib, 'usb_interrupt_setup_async'):
+        lib.usb_interrupt_setup_async.argtypes = \
+            [_usb_dev_handle, POINTER(c_void_p), c_uint8]
+
+    # int usb_submit_async(void *context, char *bytes, int size)
+    if hasattr(lib, 'usb_submit_async'):
+        lib.usb_submit_async.argtypes = [c_void_p, c_char_p, c_int]
+
+    # int usb_reap_async(void *context, int timeout)
+    if hasattr(lib, 'usb_reap_async'):
+        lib.usb_reap_async.argtypes = [c_void_p, c_int]
+
+    # int usb_reap_async_nocancel(void *context, int timeout)
+    if hasattr(lib, 'usb_reap_async_nocancel'):
+        lib.usb_reap_async_nocancel.argtypes = [c_void_p, c_int]
+
+    # int usb_cancel_async(void *context)
+    if hasattr(lib, 'usb_cancel_async'):
+        lib.usb_cancel_async.argtypes = [c_void_p]
+
+    # int usb_free_async(void **context)
+    if hasattr(lib, 'usb_free_async'):
+        lib.usb_free_async.argtypes = [POINTER(c_void_p)]
+
+def _check(ret):
+    if ret is None:
+        errmsg = _lib.usb_strerror()
+    else:
+        if hasattr(ret, 'value'):
+            ret = ret.value
+
+        if ret < 0:
+            errmsg = _lib.usb_strerror()
+            # No error means that we need to get the error
+            # message from the return code
+            # Thanks to Nicholas Wheeler to point out the problem...
+            # Also see issue #2860940
+            if errmsg.lower() == 'no error':
+                errmsg = os.strerror(-ret)
+        else:
+            return ret
+
+    if ret is not None and -ret == errno.ETIMEDOUT:
+        raise USBTimeoutError(errmsg, ret, -ret)
+    raise USBError(errmsg, ret)
+
+def _has_iso_transfer():
+    return hasattr(_lib, 'usb_isochronous_setup_async')
+
+# implementation of libusb 0.1.x backend
+class _LibUSB(usb.backend.IBackend):
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def enumerate_devices(self):
+        _check(_lib.usb_find_busses())
+        _check(_lib.usb_find_devices())
+        bus = _lib.usb_get_busses()
+        while bool(bus):
+            dev = bus[0].devices
+            while bool(dev):
+                yield dev[0]
+                dev = dev[0].next
+            bus = bus[0].next
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def get_device_descriptor(self, dev):
+        return _DeviceDescriptor(dev)
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def get_configuration_descriptor(self, dev, config):
+        if config >= dev.descriptor.bNumConfigurations:
+            raise IndexError('Invalid configuration index ' + str(config))
+        config_desc = dev.config[config]
+        config_desc.extra_descriptors = config_desc.extra[:config_desc.extralen]
+        return config_desc
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def get_interface_descriptor(self, dev, intf, alt, config):
+        cfgdesc = self.get_configuration_descriptor(dev, config)
+        if intf >= cfgdesc.bNumInterfaces:
+            raise IndexError('Invalid interface index ' + str(intf))
+        interface = cfgdesc.interface[intf]
+        if alt >= interface.num_altsetting:
+            raise IndexError('Invalid alternate setting index ' + str(alt))
+        intf_desc = interface.altsetting[alt]
+        intf_desc.extra_descriptors = intf_desc.extra[:intf_desc.extralen]
+        return intf_desc
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def get_endpoint_descriptor(self, dev, ep, intf, alt, config):
+        interface = self.get_interface_descriptor(dev, intf, alt, config)
+        if ep >= interface.bNumEndpoints:
+            raise IndexError('Invalid endpoint index ' + str(ep))
+        ep_desc = interface.endpoint[ep]
+        ep_desc.extra_descriptors = ep_desc.extra[:ep_desc.extralen]
+        return ep_desc
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def open_device(self, dev):
+        return _check(_lib.usb_open(dev))
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def close_device(self, dev_handle):
+        _check(_lib.usb_close(dev_handle))
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def set_configuration(self, dev_handle, config_value):
+        _check(_lib.usb_set_configuration(dev_handle, config_value))
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def get_configuration(self, dev_handle):
+        bmRequestType = usb.util.build_request_type(
+                                usb.util.CTRL_IN,
+                                usb.util.CTRL_TYPE_STANDARD,
+                                usb.util.CTRL_RECIPIENT_DEVICE
+                            )
+        buff = usb.util.create_buffer(1)
+        ret = self.ctrl_transfer(
+                dev_handle,
+                bmRequestType,
+                0x08,
+                0,
+                0,
+                buff,
+                100)
+
+        assert ret == 1
+        return buff[0]
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def set_interface_altsetting(self, dev_handle, intf, altsetting):
+        _check(_lib.usb_set_altinterface(dev_handle, altsetting))
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def claim_interface(self, dev_handle, intf):
+        _check(_lib.usb_claim_interface(dev_handle, intf))
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def release_interface(self, dev_handle, intf):
+        _check(_lib.usb_release_interface(dev_handle, intf))
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def bulk_write(self, dev_handle, ep, intf, data, timeout):
+        return self.__write(_lib.usb_bulk_write,
+                            dev_handle,
+                            ep,
+                            intf,
+                            data, timeout)
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def bulk_read(self, dev_handle, ep, intf, buff, timeout):
+        return self.__read(_lib.usb_bulk_read,
+                           dev_handle,
+                           ep,
+                           intf,
+                           buff,
+                           timeout)
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def intr_write(self, dev_handle, ep, intf, data, timeout):
+        return self.__write(_lib.usb_interrupt_write,
+                            dev_handle,
+                            ep,
+                            intf,
+                            data,
+                            timeout)
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def intr_read(self, dev_handle, ep, intf, buff, timeout):
+        return self.__read(_lib.usb_interrupt_read,
+                           dev_handle,
+                           ep,
+                           intf,
+                           buff,
+                           timeout)
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def iso_write(self, dev_handle, ep, intf, data, timeout):
+        if not _has_iso_transfer():
+            return usb.backend.IBackend.iso_write(self, dev_handle, ep, intf, data, timeout)
+        return self.__iso_transfer(dev_handle, ep, intf, data, timeout)
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def iso_read(self, dev_handle, ep, intf, buff, timeout):
+        if not _has_iso_transfer():
+            return usb.backend.IBackend.iso_read(self, dev_handle, ep, intf, buff, timeout)
+        return self.__iso_transfer(dev_handle, ep, intf, buff, timeout)
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def ctrl_transfer(self,
+                      dev_handle,
+                      bmRequestType,
+                      bRequest,
+                      wValue,
+                      wIndex,
+                      data,
+                      timeout):
+        address, length = data.buffer_info()
+        length *= data.itemsize
+        return _check(_lib.usb_control_msg(
+                            dev_handle,
+                            bmRequestType,
+                            bRequest,
+                            wValue,
+                            wIndex,
+                            cast(address, c_char_p),
+                            length,
+                            timeout
+                        ))
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def clear_halt(self, dev_handle, ep):
+        _check(_lib.usb_clear_halt(dev_handle, ep))
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def reset_device(self, dev_handle):
+        _check(_lib.usb_reset(dev_handle))
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def is_kernel_driver_active(self, dev_handle, intf):
+        if sys.platform == 'linux':
+            # based on the implementation of libusb_kernel_driver_active()
+            # (see op_kernel_driver_active() in libusb/os/linux_usbfs.c)
+            # and the fact that usb_get_driver_np() is a wrapper for
+            # IOCTL_USBFS_GETDRIVER
+            try:
+                driver_name = self.__get_driver_name(dev_handle, intf)
+                # 'usbfs' is not considered a [foreign] kernel driver because
+                # it is what we use to access the device from userspace
+                return driver_name != b'usbfs'
+            except USBError as err:
+                # ENODATA means that no kernel driver is attached
+                if err.backend_error_code == -errno.ENODATA:
+                    return False
+                raise
+        elif sys.platform == 'darwin':
+            # on mac os/darwin we assume all users are running libusb-compat,
+            # which, in turn, uses libusb_kernel_driver_active()
+            try:
+                driver_name = self.__get_driver_name(dev_handle, intf)
+                return True
+            except USBError as err:
+                # ENODATA means that no kernel driver is attached
+                if err.backend_error_code == -errno.ENODATA:
+                    return False
+                raise
+        elif sys.platform.startswith('freebsd') or sys.platform.startswith('dragonfly'):
+            # this is similar to the Linux implementation, but the generic
+            # driver is called 'ugen' and usb_get_driver_np() simply returns an
+            # empty string is no driver is attached (see comments on PR #366)
+            driver_name = self.__get_driver_name(dev_handle, intf)
+            # 'ugen' is not considered a [foreign] kernel driver because
+            # it is what we use to access the device from userspace
+            return driver_name != b'ugen'
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError(self.is_kernel_driver_active.__name__)
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def detach_kernel_driver(self, dev_handle, intf):
+        if not hasattr(_lib, 'usb_detach_kernel_driver_np'):
+            raise NotImplementedError(self.detach_kernel_driver.__name__)
+        _check(_lib.usb_detach_kernel_driver_np(dev_handle, intf))
+
+    def __get_driver_name(self, dev_handle, intf):
+        if not hasattr(_lib, 'usb_get_driver_np'):
+            raise NotImplementedError('usb_get_driver_np')
+        buf = usb.util.create_buffer(_USBFS_MAXDRIVERNAME + 1)
+        name, length = buf.buffer_info()
+        length *= buf.itemsize
+        _check(_lib.usb_get_driver_np(
+                    dev_handle,
+                    intf,
+                    cast(name, c_char_p),
+                    length))
+        return cast(name, c_char_p).value
+
+    def __write(self, fn, dev_handle, ep, intf, data, timeout):
+        address, length = data.buffer_info()
+        length *= data.itemsize
+        return int(_check(fn(
+                        dev_handle,
+                        ep,
+                        cast(address, c_char_p),
+                        length,
+                        timeout
+                    )))
+
+    def __read(self, fn, dev_handle, ep, intf, buff, timeout):
+        address, length = buff.buffer_info()
+        length *= buff.itemsize
+        ret = int(_check(fn(
+                    dev_handle,
+                    ep,
+                    cast(address, c_char_p),
+                    length,
+                    timeout
+                )))
+        return ret
+
+    def __iso_transfer(self, dev_handle, ep, intf, data, timeout):
+        context = c_void_p()
+        buff, length = data.buffer_info()
+        length *= data.itemsize
+
+        _check(_lib.usb_isochronous_setup_async(
+            dev_handle,
+            byref(context),
+            ep,
+            0))
+
+        transmitted = 0
+
+        try:
+            while transmitted < length:
+                _check(_lib.usb_submit_async(
+                    context,
+                    cast(buff + transmitted, c_char_p),
+                    length - transmitted))
+
+                ret = _check(_lib.usb_reap_async(context, timeout))
+                if not ret:
+                    return transmitted
+
+                transmitted += ret
+        except:
+            if not transmitted:
+                raise
+        finally:
+            _check(_lib.usb_free_async(byref(context)))
+
+        return transmitted
+
+def get_backend(find_library=None):
+    global _lib
+    try:
+        if _lib is None:
+            _lib = _load_library(find_library)
+            _setup_prototypes(_lib)
+            _lib.usb_init()
+        return _LibUSB()
+    except usb.libloader.LibraryException:
+        # exception already logged (if any)
+        _logger.error('Error loading libusb 0.1 backend', exc_info=False)
+        return None
+    except Exception:
+        _logger.error('Error loading libusb 0.1 backend', exc_info=True)
+        return None

_trash/lib/python3.11/site-packages/usb/backend/libusb1.py

@@ -0,0 +1,975 @@
+# Copyright 2009-2017 Wander Lairson Costa
+# Copyright 2009-2021 PyUSB contributors
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+from ctypes import *
+import usb.util
+import sys
+import logging
+from usb._debug import methodtrace
+import usb._interop as _interop
+import usb._objfinalizer as _objfinalizer
+import errno
+import math
+from usb.core import USBError, USBTimeoutError
+import usb.libloader
+
+__author__ = 'Wander Lairson Costa'
+
+__all__ = [
+            'get_backend',
+            'LIBUSB_SUCCESS',
+            'LIBUSB_ERROR_IO',
+            'LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM',
+            'LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS',
+            'LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE',
+            'LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND',
+            'LIBUSB_ERROR_BUSY',
+            'LIBUSB_ERROR_TIMEOUT',
+            'LIBUSB_ERROR_OVERFLOW',
+            'LIBUSB_ERROR_PIPE',
+            'LIBUSB_ERROR_INTERRUPTED',
+            'LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM',
+            'LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED',
+            'LIBUSB_ERROR_OTHER',
+            'LIBUSB_TRANSFER_COMPLETED',
+            'LIBUSB_TRANSFER_ERROR',
+            'LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TIMED_OUT',
+            'LIBUSB_TRANSFER_CANCELLED',
+            'LIBUSB_TRANSFER_STALL',
+            'LIBUSB_TRANSFER_NO_DEVICE',
+            'LIBUSB_TRANSFER_OVERFLOW',
+        ]
+
+_logger = logging.getLogger('usb.backend.libusb1')
+
+# libusb.h
+
+# transfer_type codes
+# Control endpoint
+_LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_CONTROL = 0
+# Isochronous endpoint
+_LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_ISOCHRONOUS = 1
+# Bulk endpoint
+_LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_BULK = 2
+# Interrupt endpoint
+_LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_INTERRUPT = 3
+
+# return codes
+
+LIBUSB_SUCCESS = 0
+LIBUSB_ERROR_IO = -1
+LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM = -2
+LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS = -3
+LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE = -4
+LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND = -5
+LIBUSB_ERROR_BUSY = -6
+LIBUSB_ERROR_TIMEOUT = -7
+LIBUSB_ERROR_OVERFLOW = -8
+LIBUSB_ERROR_PIPE = -9
+LIBUSB_ERROR_INTERRUPTED = -10
+LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM = -11
+LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED = -12
+LIBUSB_ERROR_OTHER = -99
+
+# map return codes to strings
+_str_error_map = {
+    LIBUSB_SUCCESS:'Success (no error)',
+    LIBUSB_ERROR_IO:'Input/output error',
+    LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM:'Invalid parameter',
+    LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS:'Access denied (insufficient permissions)',
+    LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE:'No such device (it may have been disconnected)',
+    LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND:'Entity not found',
+    LIBUSB_ERROR_BUSY:'Resource busy',
+    LIBUSB_ERROR_TIMEOUT:'Operation timed out',
+    LIBUSB_ERROR_OVERFLOW:'Overflow',
+    LIBUSB_ERROR_PIPE:'Pipe error',
+    LIBUSB_ERROR_INTERRUPTED:'System call interrupted (perhaps due to signal)',
+    LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM:'Insufficient memory',
+    LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED:'Operation not supported or unimplemented on this platform',
+    LIBUSB_ERROR_OTHER:'Unknown error'
+}
+
+# map return code to errno values
+_libusb_errno = {
+    0:None,
+    LIBUSB_ERROR_IO:errno.__dict__.get('EIO', None),
+    LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM:errno.__dict__.get('EINVAL', None),
+    LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS:errno.__dict__.get('EACCES', None),
+    LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE:errno.__dict__.get('ENODEV', None),
+    LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND:errno.__dict__.get('ENOENT', None),
+    LIBUSB_ERROR_BUSY:errno.__dict__.get('EBUSY', None),
+    LIBUSB_ERROR_TIMEOUT:errno.__dict__.get('ETIMEDOUT', None),
+    LIBUSB_ERROR_OVERFLOW:errno.__dict__.get('EOVERFLOW', None),
+    LIBUSB_ERROR_PIPE:errno.__dict__.get('EPIPE', None),
+    LIBUSB_ERROR_INTERRUPTED:errno.__dict__.get('EINTR', None),
+    LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM:errno.__dict__.get('ENOMEM', None),
+    LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED:errno.__dict__.get('ENOSYS', None),
+    LIBUSB_ERROR_OTHER:None
+}
+
+# Transfer status codes:
+# Note that this does not indicate
+# that the entire amount of requested data was transferred.
+LIBUSB_TRANSFER_COMPLETED = 0
+LIBUSB_TRANSFER_ERROR = 1
+LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TIMED_OUT = 2
+LIBUSB_TRANSFER_CANCELLED = 3
+LIBUSB_TRANSFER_STALL = 4
+LIBUSB_TRANSFER_NO_DEVICE = 5
+LIBUSB_TRANSFER_OVERFLOW = 6
+
+# map return codes to strings
+_str_transfer_error = {
+    LIBUSB_TRANSFER_COMPLETED:'Success (no error)',
+    LIBUSB_TRANSFER_ERROR:'Transfer failed',
+    LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TIMED_OUT:'Transfer timed out',
+    LIBUSB_TRANSFER_CANCELLED:'Transfer was cancelled',
+    LIBUSB_TRANSFER_STALL:'For bulk/interrupt endpoints: halt condition '\
+                          'detected (endpoint stalled). For control '\
+                          'endpoints: control request not supported.',
+    LIBUSB_TRANSFER_NO_DEVICE:'Device was disconnected',
+    LIBUSB_TRANSFER_OVERFLOW:'Device sent more data than requested'
+}
+
+# map transfer codes to errno codes
+_transfer_errno = {
+    LIBUSB_TRANSFER_COMPLETED:0,
+    LIBUSB_TRANSFER_ERROR:errno.__dict__.get('EIO', None),
+    LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TIMED_OUT:errno.__dict__.get('ETIMEDOUT', None),
+    LIBUSB_TRANSFER_CANCELLED:errno.__dict__.get('EAGAIN', None),
+    LIBUSB_TRANSFER_STALL:errno.__dict__.get('EIO', None),
+    LIBUSB_TRANSFER_NO_DEVICE:errno.__dict__.get('ENODEV', None),
+    LIBUSB_TRANSFER_OVERFLOW:errno.__dict__.get('EOVERFLOW', None)
+}
+
+def _strerror(errcode):
+    try:
+        return _lib.libusb_strerror(errcode).decode('utf8')
+    except AttributeError:
+        return _str_error_map[errcode]
+
+# Data structures
+
+class _libusb_endpoint_descriptor(Structure):
+    _fields_ = [('bLength', c_uint8),
+                ('bDescriptorType', c_uint8),
+                ('bEndpointAddress', c_uint8),
+                ('bmAttributes', c_uint8),
+                ('wMaxPacketSize', c_uint16),
+                ('bInterval', c_uint8),
+                ('bRefresh', c_uint8),
+                ('bSynchAddress', c_uint8),
+                ('extra', POINTER(c_ubyte)),
+                ('extra_length', c_int)]
+
+class _libusb_interface_descriptor(Structure):
+    _fields_ = [('bLength', c_uint8),
+                ('bDescriptorType', c_uint8),
+                ('bInterfaceNumber', c_uint8),
+                ('bAlternateSetting', c_uint8),
+                ('bNumEndpoints', c_uint8),
+                ('bInterfaceClass', c_uint8),
+                ('bInterfaceSubClass', c_uint8),
+                ('bInterfaceProtocol', c_uint8),
+                ('iInterface', c_uint8),
+                ('endpoint', POINTER(_libusb_endpoint_descriptor)),
+                ('extra', POINTER(c_ubyte)),
+                ('extra_length', c_int)]
+
+class _libusb_interface(Structure):
+    _fields_ = [('altsetting', POINTER(_libusb_interface_descriptor)),
+                ('num_altsetting', c_int)]
+
+class _libusb_config_descriptor(Structure):
+    _fields_ = [('bLength', c_uint8),
+                ('bDescriptorType', c_uint8),
+                ('wTotalLength', c_uint16),
+                ('bNumInterfaces', c_uint8),
+                ('bConfigurationValue', c_uint8),
+                ('iConfiguration', c_uint8),
+                ('bmAttributes', c_uint8),
+                ('bMaxPower', c_uint8),
+                ('interface', POINTER(_libusb_interface)),
+                ('extra', POINTER(c_ubyte)),
+                ('extra_length', c_int)]
+
+class _libusb_device_descriptor(Structure):
+    _fields_ = [('bLength', c_uint8),
+                ('bDescriptorType', c_uint8),
+                ('bcdUSB', c_uint16),
+                ('bDeviceClass', c_uint8),
+                ('bDeviceSubClass', c_uint8),
+                ('bDeviceProtocol', c_uint8),
+                ('bMaxPacketSize0', c_uint8),
+                ('idVendor', c_uint16),
+                ('idProduct', c_uint16),
+                ('bcdDevice', c_uint16),
+                ('iManufacturer', c_uint8),
+                ('iProduct', c_uint8),
+                ('iSerialNumber', c_uint8),
+                ('bNumConfigurations', c_uint8)]
+
+
+# Isochronous packet descriptor.
+class _libusb_iso_packet_descriptor(Structure):
+    _fields_ = [('length', c_uint),
+                ('actual_length', c_uint),
+                ('status', c_int)] # enum libusb_transfer_status
+
+_libusb_device_handle = c_void_p
+
+class _libusb_transfer(Structure):
+    pass
+_libusb_transfer_p = POINTER(_libusb_transfer)
+
+_libusb_transfer_cb_fn_p = CFUNCTYPE(None, _libusb_transfer_p)
+
+_libusb_transfer._fields_ = [('dev_handle', _libusb_device_handle),
+                             ('flags', c_uint8),
+                             ('endpoint', c_uint8),
+                             ('type', c_uint8),
+                             ('timeout', c_uint),
+                             ('status', c_int), # enum libusb_transfer_status
+                             ('length', c_int),
+                             ('actual_length', c_int),
+                             ('callback', _libusb_transfer_cb_fn_p),
+                             ('user_data', py_object),
+                             ('buffer', c_void_p),
+                             ('num_iso_packets', c_int),
+                             ('iso_packet_desc', _libusb_iso_packet_descriptor)
+]
+
+def _get_iso_packet_list(transfer):
+    list_type = _libusb_iso_packet_descriptor * transfer.num_iso_packets
+    return list_type.from_address(addressof(transfer.iso_packet_desc))
+
+_lib = None
+_lib_object = None
+
+def _load_library(find_library=None):
+    # Windows backend uses stdcall calling convention
+    #
+    # On FreeBSD 8/9, libusb 1.0 and libusb 0.1 are in the same shared
+    # object libusb.so, so if we found libusb library name, we must assure
+    # it is 1.0 version. We just try to get some symbol from 1.0 version
+    if sys.platform == 'win32':
+        win_cls = WinDLL
+    else:
+        win_cls = None
+
+    return usb.libloader.load_locate_library(
+                ('usb-1.0', 'libusb-1.0', 'usb'),
+                'cygusb-1.0.dll', 'Libusb 1',
+                win_cls=win_cls,
+                find_library=find_library, check_symbols=('libusb_init',))
+
+def _setup_prototypes(lib):
+    # void libusb_set_debug (libusb_context *ctx, int level)
+    lib.libusb_set_debug.argtypes = [c_void_p, c_int]
+
+    # int libusb_init (libusb_context **context)
+    lib.libusb_init.argtypes = [POINTER(c_void_p)]
+
+    # void libusb_exit (struct libusb_context *ctx)
+    lib.libusb_exit.argtypes = [c_void_p]
+
+    # ssize_t libusb_get_device_list (libusb_context *ctx,
+    #                                 libusb_device ***list)
+    lib.libusb_get_device_list.argtypes = [
+            c_void_p,
+            POINTER(POINTER(c_void_p))
+        ]
+
+    # libusb_device *libusb_get_parent (libusb_device *dev)
+    lib.libusb_get_parent.argtypes = [c_void_p]
+    lib.libusb_get_parent.restype = c_void_p
+
+    # void libusb_free_device_list (libusb_device **list,
+    #                               int unref_devices)
+    lib.libusb_free_device_list.argtypes = [
+            POINTER(c_void_p),
+            c_int
+        ]
+
+    # libusb_device *libusb_ref_device (libusb_device *dev)
+    lib.libusb_ref_device.argtypes = [c_void_p]
+    lib.libusb_ref_device.restype = c_void_p
+
+    # void libusb_unref_device(libusb_device *dev)
+    lib.libusb_unref_device.argtypes = [c_void_p]
+
+    # int libusb_open(libusb_device *dev, libusb_device_handle **handle)
+    lib.libusb_open.argtypes = [c_void_p, POINTER(_libusb_device_handle)]
+
+    # void libusb_close(libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
+    lib.libusb_close.argtypes = [_libusb_device_handle]
+
+    # int libusb_set_configuration(libusb_device_handle *dev,
+    #                              int configuration)
+    lib.libusb_set_configuration.argtypes = [_libusb_device_handle, c_int]
+
+    # int libusb_get_configuration(libusb_device_handle *dev,
+    #                              int *config)
+    lib.libusb_get_configuration.argtypes = [_libusb_device_handle, POINTER(c_int)]
+
+    # int libusb_claim_interface(libusb_device_handle *dev,
+    #                               int interface_number)
+    lib.libusb_claim_interface.argtypes = [_libusb_device_handle, c_int]
+
+    # int libusb_release_interface(libusb_device_handle *dev,
+    #                              int interface_number)
+    lib.libusb_release_interface.argtypes = [_libusb_device_handle, c_int]
+
+    # int libusb_set_interface_alt_setting(libusb_device_handle *dev,
+    #                                      int interface_number,
+    #                                      int alternate_setting)
+    lib.libusb_set_interface_alt_setting.argtypes = [
+            _libusb_device_handle,
+            c_int,
+            c_int
+        ]
+
+    # int libusb_reset_device (libusb_device_handle *dev)
+    lib.libusb_reset_device.argtypes = [_libusb_device_handle]
+
+    # int libusb_kernel_driver_active(libusb_device_handle *dev,
+    #                                 int interface)
+    lib.libusb_kernel_driver_active.argtypes = [
+            _libusb_device_handle,
+            c_int
+        ]
+
+    # int libusb_detach_kernel_driver(libusb_device_handle *dev,
+    #                                 int interface)
+    lib.libusb_detach_kernel_driver.argtypes = [
+            _libusb_device_handle,
+            c_int
+        ]
+
+    # int libusb_attach_kernel_driver(libusb_device_handle *dev,
+    #                                 int interface)
+    lib.libusb_attach_kernel_driver.argtypes = [
+            _libusb_device_handle,
+            c_int
+        ]
+
+    # int libusb_get_device_descriptor(
+    #                   libusb_device *dev,
+    #                   struct libusb_device_descriptor *desc
+    #               )
+    lib.libusb_get_device_descriptor.argtypes = [
+            c_void_p,
+            POINTER(_libusb_device_descriptor)
+        ]
+
+    # int libusb_get_config_descriptor(
+    #           libusb_device *dev,
+    #           uint8_t config_index,
+    #           struct libusb_config_descriptor **config
+    #       )
+    lib.libusb_get_config_descriptor.argtypes = [
+            c_void_p,
+            c_uint8,
+            POINTER(POINTER(_libusb_config_descriptor))
+        ]
+
+    # void  libusb_free_config_descriptor(
+    #           struct libusb_config_descriptor *config
+    #   )
+    lib.libusb_free_config_descriptor.argtypes = [
+            POINTER(_libusb_config_descriptor)
+        ]
+
+    # int libusb_get_string_descriptor_ascii(libusb_device_handle *dev,
+    #                                         uint8_t desc_index,
+    #                                         unsigned char *data,
+    #                                         int length)
+    lib.libusb_get_string_descriptor_ascii.argtypes = [
+            _libusb_device_handle,
+            c_uint8,
+            POINTER(c_ubyte),
+            c_int
+        ]
+
+    # int libusb_control_transfer(libusb_device_handle *dev_handle,
+    #                             uint8_t bmRequestType,
+    #                             uint8_t bRequest,
+    #                             uint16_t wValue,
+    #                             uint16_t wIndex,
+    #                             unsigned char *data,
+    #                             uint16_t wLength,
+    #                             unsigned int timeout)
+    lib.libusb_control_transfer.argtypes = [
+            _libusb_device_handle,
+            c_uint8,
+            c_uint8,
+            c_uint16,
+            c_uint16,
+            POINTER(c_ubyte),
+            c_uint16,
+            c_uint
+        ]
+
+    #int libusb_bulk_transfer(
+    #           struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle,
+    #           unsigned char endpoint,
+    #           unsigned char *data,
+    #           int length,
+    #           int *transferred,
+    #           unsigned int timeout
+    #       )
+    lib.libusb_bulk_transfer.argtypes = [
+                _libusb_device_handle,
+                c_ubyte,
+                POINTER(c_ubyte),
+                c_int,
+                POINTER(c_int),
+                c_uint
+            ]
+
+    # int libusb_interrupt_transfer(
+    #               libusb_device_handle *dev_handle,
+    #               unsigned char endpoint,
+    #               unsigned char *data,
+    #               int length,
+    #               int *actual_length,
+    #               unsigned int timeout
+    #           );
+    lib.libusb_interrupt_transfer.argtypes = [
+                    _libusb_device_handle,
+                    c_ubyte,
+                    POINTER(c_ubyte),
+                    c_int,
+                    POINTER(c_int),
+                    c_uint
+                ]
+
+    # libusb_transfer* libusb_alloc_transfer(int iso_packets);
+    lib.libusb_alloc_transfer.argtypes = [c_int]
+    lib.libusb_alloc_transfer.restype = POINTER(_libusb_transfer)
+
+    # void libusb_free_transfer(struct libusb_transfer *transfer)
+    lib.libusb_free_transfer.argtypes = [POINTER(_libusb_transfer)]
+
+    # int libusb_submit_transfer(struct libusb_transfer *transfer);
+    lib.libusb_submit_transfer.argtypes = [POINTER(_libusb_transfer)]
+
+    if hasattr(lib, 'libusb_strerror'):
+        # const char *libusb_strerror(enum libusb_error errcode)
+        lib.libusb_strerror.argtypes = [c_uint]
+        lib.libusb_strerror.restype = c_char_p
+
+    # int libusb_clear_halt(libusb_device_handle *dev, unsigned char endpoint)
+    lib.libusb_clear_halt.argtypes = [_libusb_device_handle, c_ubyte]
+
+    # void libusb_set_iso_packet_lengths(
+    #               libusb_transfer* transfer,
+    #               unsigned int length
+    #           );
+    def libusb_set_iso_packet_lengths(transfer_p, length):
+        r"""This function is inline in the libusb.h file, so we must implement
+            it.
+
+        lib.libusb_set_iso_packet_lengths.argtypes = [
+                        POINTER(_libusb_transfer),
+                        c_int
+                    ]
+        """
+        transfer = transfer_p.contents
+        for iso_packet_desc in _get_iso_packet_list(transfer):
+            iso_packet_desc.length = length
+    lib.libusb_set_iso_packet_lengths = libusb_set_iso_packet_lengths
+
+    #int libusb_get_max_iso_packet_size(libusb_device* dev,
+    #                                   unsigned char endpoint);
+    lib.libusb_get_max_iso_packet_size.argtypes = [c_void_p,
+                                                   c_ubyte]
+
+    # void libusb_fill_iso_transfer(
+    #               struct libusb_transfer* transfer,
+    #               libusb_device_handle*  dev_handle,
+    #               unsigned char endpoint,
+    #               unsigned char* buffer,
+    #               int length,
+    #               int num_iso_packets,
+    #               libusb_transfer_cb_fn   callback,
+    #               void * user_data,
+    #               unsigned int timeout
+    #           );
+    def libusb_fill_iso_transfer(_libusb_transfer_p, dev_handle, endpoint, buffer, length,
+                                 num_iso_packets, callback, user_data, timeout):
+        r"""This function is inline in the libusb.h file, so we must implement
+            it.
+
+        lib.libusb_fill_iso_transfer.argtypes = [
+                       _libusb_transfer,
+                       _libusb_device_handle,
+                       c_ubyte,
+                       POINTER(c_ubyte),
+                       c_int,
+                       c_int,
+                       _libusb_transfer_cb_fn_p,
+                       c_void_p,
+                       c_uint
+                   ]
+        """
+        transfer = _libusb_transfer_p.contents
+        transfer.dev_handle = dev_handle
+        transfer.endpoint = endpoint
+        transfer.type = _LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_ISOCHRONOUS
+        transfer.timeout = timeout
+        transfer.buffer = cast(buffer, c_void_p)
+        transfer.length = length
+        transfer.num_iso_packets = num_iso_packets
+        transfer.user_data = user_data
+        transfer.callback = callback
+    lib.libusb_fill_iso_transfer = libusb_fill_iso_transfer
+
+    # uint8_t libusb_get_bus_number(libusb_device *dev)
+    lib.libusb_get_bus_number.argtypes = [c_void_p]
+    lib.libusb_get_bus_number.restype = c_uint8
+
+    # uint8_t libusb_get_device_address(libusb_device *dev)
+    lib.libusb_get_device_address.argtypes = [c_void_p]
+    lib.libusb_get_device_address.restype = c_uint8
+
+    try:
+        # uint8_t libusb_get_device_speed(libusb_device *dev)
+        lib.libusb_get_device_speed.argtypes = [c_void_p]
+        lib.libusb_get_device_speed.restype = c_uint8
+    except AttributeError:
+        pass
+
+    try:
+        # uint8_t libusb_get_port_number(libusb_device *dev)
+        lib.libusb_get_port_number.argtypes = [c_void_p]
+        lib.libusb_get_port_number.restype = c_uint8
+    except AttributeError:
+        pass
+
+    try:
+        # int libusb_get_port_numbers(libusb_device *dev,
+        #                             uint8_t* port_numbers,
+        #                             int port_numbers_len)
+        lib.libusb_get_port_numbers.argtypes = [
+                c_void_p,
+                POINTER(c_uint8),
+                c_int
+            ]
+        lib.libusb_get_port_numbers.restype = c_int
+    except AttributeError:
+        pass
+
+    #int libusb_handle_events(libusb_context *ctx);
+    lib.libusb_handle_events.argtypes = [c_void_p]
+
+# check a libusb function call
+def _check(ret):
+    if hasattr(ret, 'value'):
+        ret = ret.value
+
+    if ret < 0:
+        if ret == LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED:
+            raise NotImplementedError(_strerror(ret))
+        elif ret == LIBUSB_ERROR_TIMEOUT:
+            raise USBTimeoutError(_strerror(ret), ret, _libusb_errno[ret])
+        else:
+            raise USBError(_strerror(ret), ret, _libusb_errno[ret])
+
+    return ret
+
+# wrap a device
+class _Device(_objfinalizer.AutoFinalizedObject):
+    def __init__(self, devid):
+        self.devid = _lib.libusb_ref_device(devid)
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def _finalize_object(self):
+        if hasattr(self, 'devid'):
+            _lib.libusb_unref_device(self.devid)
+
+# wrap a descriptor and keep a reference to another object
+# Thanks to Thomas Reitmayr.
+class _WrapDescriptor(object):
+    def __init__(self, desc, obj = None):
+        self.obj = obj
+        self.desc = desc
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        return getattr(self.desc, name)
+
+# wrap a configuration descriptor
+class _ConfigDescriptor(_objfinalizer.AutoFinalizedObject):
+    def __init__(self, desc):
+        self.desc = desc
+    def _finalize_object(self):
+        if hasattr(self, 'desc'):
+            _lib.libusb_free_config_descriptor(self.desc)
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        return getattr(self.desc.contents, name)
+
+# iterator for libusb devices
+class _DevIterator(_objfinalizer.AutoFinalizedObject):
+    def __init__(self, ctx):
+        self.dev_list = POINTER(c_void_p)()
+        self.num_devs = _check(_lib.libusb_get_device_list(
+                                    ctx,
+                                    byref(self.dev_list))
+                                )
+    def __iter__(self):
+        for i in range(self.num_devs):
+            yield _Device(self.dev_list[i])
+    def _finalize_object(self):
+        if hasattr(self, 'dev_list'):
+            _lib.libusb_free_device_list(self.dev_list, 1)
+
+class _DeviceHandle(object):
+    def __init__(self, dev):
+        self.handle = _libusb_device_handle()
+        self.devid = dev.devid
+        _check(_lib.libusb_open(self.devid, byref(self.handle)))
+
+class _IsoTransferHandler(_objfinalizer.AutoFinalizedObject):
+    def __init__(self, dev_handle, ep, buff, timeout):
+        address, length = buff.buffer_info()
+
+        packet_length = _lib.libusb_get_max_iso_packet_size(dev_handle.devid, ep)
+        packet_count = int(math.ceil(float(length) / packet_length))
+
+        self.transfer = _lib.libusb_alloc_transfer(packet_count)
+
+        _lib.libusb_fill_iso_transfer(self.transfer,
+                                      dev_handle.handle,
+                                      ep,
+                                      cast(address, POINTER(c_ubyte)),
+                                      length,
+                                      packet_count,
+                                      _libusb_transfer_cb_fn_p(self.__callback),
+                                      None,
+                                      timeout)
+
+        self.__set_packets_length(length, packet_length)
+
+    def _finalize_object(self):
+        if hasattr(self, 'transfer'):
+            _lib.libusb_free_transfer(self.transfer)
+
+    def submit(self, ctx = None):
+        self.__callback_done = 0
+        _check(_lib.libusb_submit_transfer(self.transfer))
+
+        while not self.__callback_done:
+            _check(_lib.libusb_handle_events(ctx))
+
+        status = int(self.transfer.contents.status)
+        if status != LIBUSB_TRANSFER_COMPLETED:
+            raise usb.USBError(_str_transfer_error[status],
+                               status,
+                               _transfer_errno[status])
+
+        return self.__compute_size_transf_data()
+
+    def __compute_size_transf_data(self):
+        return sum([t.actual_length for t in
+                    _get_iso_packet_list(self.transfer.contents)])
+
+    def __set_packets_length(self, n, packet_length):
+        _lib.libusb_set_iso_packet_lengths(self.transfer, packet_length)
+        r = n % packet_length
+        if r:
+            iso_packets = _get_iso_packet_list(self.transfer.contents)
+            # When the device is disconnected, this list may
+            # return with length 0
+            if len(iso_packets):
+                iso_packets[-1].length = r
+
+    def __callback(self, transfer):
+        self.__callback_done = 1
+
+# implementation of libusb 1.0 backend
+class _LibUSB(usb.backend.IBackend):
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def __init__(self, lib):
+        usb.backend.IBackend.__init__(self)
+        self.lib = lib
+        self.ctx = c_void_p()
+        _check(self.lib.libusb_init(byref(self.ctx)))
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def _finalize_object(self):
+        if hasattr(self, 'ctx') and self.ctx:
+            self.lib.libusb_exit(self.ctx)
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def enumerate_devices(self):
+        return _DevIterator(self.ctx)
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def get_parent(self, dev):
+        _parent = self.lib.libusb_get_parent(dev.devid)
+        if _parent is None:
+            return None
+        else:
+            return _Device(_parent)
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def get_device_descriptor(self, dev):
+        dev_desc = _libusb_device_descriptor()
+        _check(self.lib.libusb_get_device_descriptor(dev.devid, byref(dev_desc)))
+        dev_desc.bus = self.lib.libusb_get_bus_number(dev.devid)
+        dev_desc.address = self.lib.libusb_get_device_address(dev.devid)
+
+        # Only available in newer versions of libusb
+        try:
+            dev_desc.speed = self.lib.libusb_get_device_speed(dev.devid)
+        except AttributeError:
+            dev_desc.speed = None
+
+        # Only available in newer versions of libusb
+        try:
+            dev_desc.port_number = self.lib.libusb_get_port_number(dev.devid)
+        except AttributeError:
+            dev_desc.port_number = None
+
+        # Only available in newer versions of libusb
+        try:
+            buff = (c_uint8 * 7)()  # USB 3.0 maximum depth is 7
+            written = dev_desc.port_numbers = self.lib.libusb_get_port_numbers(
+                    dev.devid, buff, len(buff))
+            if written > 0:
+                dev_desc.port_numbers = tuple(buff[:written])
+            else:
+                dev_desc.port_numbers = None
+        except AttributeError:
+            dev_desc.port_numbers = None
+
+        return dev_desc
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def get_configuration_descriptor(self, dev, config):
+        cfg = POINTER(_libusb_config_descriptor)()
+        _check(self.lib.libusb_get_config_descriptor(
+                dev.devid,
+                config, byref(cfg)))
+        config_desc = _ConfigDescriptor(cfg)
+        config_desc.extra_descriptors = (
+                config_desc.extra[:config_desc.extra_length])
+        return config_desc
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def get_interface_descriptor(self, dev, intf, alt, config):
+        cfg = self.get_configuration_descriptor(dev, config)
+        if intf >= cfg.bNumInterfaces:
+            raise IndexError('Invalid interface index ' + str(intf))
+        i = cfg.interface[intf]
+        if alt >= i.num_altsetting:
+            raise IndexError('Invalid alternate setting index ' + str(alt))
+        intf_desc = i.altsetting[alt]
+        intf_desc.extra_descriptors = intf_desc.extra[:intf_desc.extra_length]
+        return _WrapDescriptor(intf_desc, cfg)
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def get_endpoint_descriptor(self, dev, ep, intf, alt, config):
+        i = self.get_interface_descriptor(dev, intf, alt, config)
+        if ep > i.bNumEndpoints:
+            raise IndexError('Invalid endpoint index ' + str(ep))
+        ep_desc = i.endpoint[ep]
+        ep_desc.extra_descriptors = ep_desc.extra[:ep_desc.extra_length]
+        return _WrapDescriptor(ep_desc, i)
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def open_device(self, dev):
+        return _DeviceHandle(dev)
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def close_device(self, dev_handle):
+        self.lib.libusb_close(dev_handle.handle)
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def set_configuration(self, dev_handle, config_value):
+        _check(self.lib.libusb_set_configuration(dev_handle.handle, config_value))
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def get_configuration(self, dev_handle):
+        config = c_int()
+        _check(self.lib.libusb_get_configuration(dev_handle.handle, byref(config)))
+        return config.value
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def set_interface_altsetting(self, dev_handle, intf, altsetting):
+        _check(self.lib.libusb_set_interface_alt_setting(
+                                dev_handle.handle,
+                                intf,
+                                altsetting))
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def claim_interface(self, dev_handle, intf):
+        _check(self.lib.libusb_claim_interface(dev_handle.handle, intf))
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def release_interface(self, dev_handle, intf):
+        _check(self.lib.libusb_release_interface(dev_handle.handle, intf))
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def bulk_write(self, dev_handle, ep, intf, data, timeout):
+        return self.__write(self.lib.libusb_bulk_transfer,
+                            dev_handle,
+                            ep,
+                            intf,
+                            data,
+                            timeout)
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def bulk_read(self, dev_handle, ep, intf, buff, timeout):
+        return self.__read(self.lib.libusb_bulk_transfer,
+                           dev_handle,
+                           ep,
+                           intf,
+                           buff,
+                           timeout)
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def intr_write(self, dev_handle, ep, intf, data, timeout):
+        return self.__write(self.lib.libusb_interrupt_transfer,
+                            dev_handle,
+                            ep,
+                            intf,
+                            data,
+                            timeout)
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def intr_read(self, dev_handle, ep, intf, buff, timeout):
+        return self.__read(self.lib.libusb_interrupt_transfer,
+                           dev_handle,
+                           ep,
+                           intf,
+                           buff,
+                           timeout)
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def iso_write(self, dev_handle, ep, intf, data, timeout):
+        handler = _IsoTransferHandler(dev_handle, ep, data, timeout)
+        return handler.submit(self.ctx)
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def iso_read(self, dev_handle, ep, intf, buff, timeout):
+        handler = _IsoTransferHandler(dev_handle, ep, buff, timeout)
+        return handler.submit(self.ctx)
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def ctrl_transfer(self,
+                      dev_handle,
+                      bmRequestType,
+                      bRequest,
+                      wValue,
+                      wIndex,
+                      data,
+                      timeout):
+        addr, length = data.buffer_info()
+        length *= data.itemsize
+
+        ret = _check(self.lib.libusb_control_transfer(
+                                        dev_handle.handle,
+                                        bmRequestType,
+                                        bRequest,
+                                        wValue,
+                                        wIndex,
+                                        cast(addr, POINTER(c_ubyte)),
+                                        length,
+                                        timeout))
+
+        return ret
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def clear_halt(self, dev_handle, ep):
+        _check(self.lib.libusb_clear_halt(dev_handle.handle, ep))
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def reset_device(self, dev_handle):
+        _check(self.lib.libusb_reset_device(dev_handle.handle))
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def is_kernel_driver_active(self, dev_handle, intf):
+        return bool(_check(self.lib.libusb_kernel_driver_active(dev_handle.handle,
+                        intf)))
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def detach_kernel_driver(self, dev_handle, intf):
+        _check(self.lib.libusb_detach_kernel_driver(dev_handle.handle, intf))
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def attach_kernel_driver(self, dev_handle, intf):
+        _check(self.lib.libusb_attach_kernel_driver(dev_handle.handle, intf))
+
+    def __write(self, fn, dev_handle, ep, intf, data, timeout):
+        address, length = data.buffer_info()
+        length *= data.itemsize
+        transferred = c_int()
+        retval = fn(dev_handle.handle,
+                  ep,
+                  cast(address, POINTER(c_ubyte)),
+                  length,
+                  byref(transferred),
+                  timeout)
+        # do not assume LIBUSB_ERROR_TIMEOUT means no I/O.
+        if not (transferred.value and retval == LIBUSB_ERROR_TIMEOUT):
+            _check(retval)
+
+        return transferred.value
+
+    def __read(self, fn, dev_handle, ep, intf, buff, timeout):
+        address, length = buff.buffer_info()
+        length *= buff.itemsize
+        transferred = c_int()
+        retval = fn(dev_handle.handle,
+                  ep,
+                  cast(address, POINTER(c_ubyte)),
+                  length,
+                  byref(transferred),
+                  timeout)
+        # do not assume LIBUSB_ERROR_TIMEOUT means no I/O.
+        if not (transferred.value and retval == LIBUSB_ERROR_TIMEOUT):
+            _check(retval)
+        return transferred.value
+
+def get_backend(find_library=None):
+    global _lib, _lib_object
+    try:
+        if _lib_object is None:
+            _lib = _load_library(find_library=find_library)
+            _setup_prototypes(_lib)
+            _lib_object = _LibUSB(_lib)
+        return _lib_object
+    except usb.libloader.LibraryException:
+        # exception already logged (if any)
+        _logger.error('Error loading libusb 1.0 backend', exc_info=False)
+        return None
+    except Exception:
+        _logger.error('Error loading libusb 1.0 backend', exc_info=True)
+        return None

_trash/lib/python3.11/site-packages/usb/backend/openusb.py

@@ -0,0 +1,759 @@
+# Copyright 2009-2017 Wander Lairson Costa
+# Copyright 2009-2021 PyUSB contributors
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+from ctypes import *
+import ctypes.util
+import usb.util
+from usb._debug import methodtrace
+import logging
+import errno
+import sys
+import usb._interop as _interop
+import usb._objfinalizer as _objfinalizer
+import usb.util as util
+import usb.libloader
+from usb.core import USBError, USBTimeoutError
+
+__author__ = 'Wander Lairson Costa'
+
+__all__ = [
+            'get_backend',
+            'OPENUSB_SUCCESS',
+            'OPENUSB_PLATFORM_FAILURE',
+            'OPENUSB_NO_RESOURCES',
+            'OPENUSB_NO_BANDWIDTH',
+            'OPENUSB_NOT_SUPPORTED',
+            'OPENUSB_HC_HARDWARE_ERROR',
+            'OPENUSB_INVALID_PERM',
+            'OPENUSB_BUSY',
+            'OPENUSB_BADARG',
+            'OPENUSB_NOACCESS',
+            'OPENUSB_PARSE_ERROR',
+            'OPENUSB_UNKNOWN_DEVICE',
+            'OPENUSB_INVALID_HANDLE',
+            'OPENUSB_SYS_FUNC_FAILURE',
+            'OPENUSB_NULL_LIST',
+            'OPENUSB_CB_CONTINUE',
+            'OPENUSB_CB_TERMINATE',
+            'OPENUSB_IO_STALL',
+            'OPENUSB_IO_CRC_ERROR',
+            'OPENUSB_IO_DEVICE_HUNG',
+            'OPENUSB_IO_REQ_TOO_BIG',
+            'OPENUSB_IO_BIT_STUFFING',
+            'OPENUSB_IO_UNEXPECTED_PID',
+            'OPENUSB_IO_DATA_OVERRUN',
+            'OPENUSB_IO_DATA_UNDERRUN',
+            'OPENUSB_IO_BUFFER_OVERRUN',
+            'OPENUSB_IO_BUFFER_UNDERRUN',
+            'OPENUSB_IO_PID_CHECK_FAILURE',
+            'OPENUSB_IO_DATA_TOGGLE_MISMATCH',
+            'OPENUSB_IO_TIMEOUT',
+            'OPENUSB_IO_CANCELED'
+        ]
+
+_logger = logging.getLogger('usb.backend.openusb')
+
+OPENUSB_SUCCESS = 0
+OPENUSB_PLATFORM_FAILURE = -1
+OPENUSB_NO_RESOURCES = -2
+OPENUSB_NO_BANDWIDTH = -3
+OPENUSB_NOT_SUPPORTED = -4
+OPENUSB_HC_HARDWARE_ERROR = -5
+OPENUSB_INVALID_PERM = -6
+OPENUSB_BUSY = -7
+OPENUSB_BADARG = -8
+OPENUSB_NOACCESS = -9
+OPENUSB_PARSE_ERROR = -10
+OPENUSB_UNKNOWN_DEVICE = -11
+OPENUSB_INVALID_HANDLE = -12
+OPENUSB_SYS_FUNC_FAILURE = -13
+OPENUSB_NULL_LIST = -14
+OPENUSB_CB_CONTINUE = -20
+OPENUSB_CB_TERMINATE = -21
+OPENUSB_IO_STALL = -50
+OPENUSB_IO_CRC_ERROR = -51
+OPENUSB_IO_DEVICE_HUNG = -52
+OPENUSB_IO_REQ_TOO_BIG = -53
+OPENUSB_IO_BIT_STUFFING = -54
+OPENUSB_IO_UNEXPECTED_PID = -55
+OPENUSB_IO_DATA_OVERRUN = -56
+OPENUSB_IO_DATA_UNDERRUN = -57
+OPENUSB_IO_BUFFER_OVERRUN = -58
+OPENUSB_IO_BUFFER_UNDERRUN = -59
+OPENUSB_IO_PID_CHECK_FAILURE = -60
+OPENUSB_IO_DATA_TOGGLE_MISMATCH = -61
+OPENUSB_IO_TIMEOUT = -62
+OPENUSB_IO_CANCELED = -63
+
+_openusb_errno = {
+    OPENUSB_SUCCESS:None,
+    OPENUSB_PLATFORM_FAILURE:None,
+    OPENUSB_NO_RESOURCES:errno.__dict__.get('ENOMEM', None),
+    OPENUSB_NO_BANDWIDTH:None,
+    OPENUSB_NOT_SUPPORTED:errno.__dict__.get('ENOSYS', None),
+    OPENUSB_HC_HARDWARE_ERROR:errno.__dict__.get('EIO', None),
+    OPENUSB_INVALID_PERM:errno.__dict__.get('EBADF', None),
+    OPENUSB_BUSY:errno.__dict__.get('EBUSY', None),
+    OPENUSB_BADARG:errno.__dict__.get('EINVAL', None),
+    OPENUSB_NOACCESS:errno.__dict__.get('EACCES', None),
+    OPENUSB_PARSE_ERROR:None,
+    OPENUSB_UNKNOWN_DEVICE:errno.__dict__.get('ENODEV', None),
+    OPENUSB_INVALID_HANDLE:errno.__dict__.get('EINVAL', None),
+    OPENUSB_SYS_FUNC_FAILURE:None,
+    OPENUSB_NULL_LIST:None,
+    OPENUSB_CB_CONTINUE:None,
+    OPENUSB_CB_TERMINATE:None,
+    OPENUSB_IO_STALL:errno.__dict__.get('EIO', None),
+    OPENUSB_IO_CRC_ERROR:errno.__dict__.get('EIO', None),
+    OPENUSB_IO_DEVICE_HUNG:errno.__dict__.get('EIO', None),
+    OPENUSB_IO_REQ_TOO_BIG:errno.__dict__.get('E2BIG', None),
+    OPENUSB_IO_BIT_STUFFING:None,
+    OPENUSB_IO_UNEXPECTED_PID:errno.__dict__.get('ESRCH', None),
+    OPENUSB_IO_DATA_OVERRUN:errno.__dict__.get('EOVERFLOW', None),
+    OPENUSB_IO_DATA_UNDERRUN:None,
+    OPENUSB_IO_BUFFER_OVERRUN:errno.__dict__.get('EOVERFLOW', None),
+    OPENUSB_IO_BUFFER_UNDERRUN:None,
+    OPENUSB_IO_PID_CHECK_FAILURE:None,
+    OPENUSB_IO_DATA_TOGGLE_MISMATCH:None,
+    OPENUSB_IO_TIMEOUT:errno.__dict__.get('ETIMEDOUT', None),
+    OPENUSB_IO_CANCELED:errno.__dict__.get('EINTR', None)
+}
+
+class _usb_endpoint_desc(Structure):
+    _fields_ = [('bLength', c_uint8),
+                ('bDescriptorType', c_uint8),
+                ('bEndpointAddress', c_uint8),
+                ('bmAttributes', c_uint8),
+                ('wMaxPacketSize', c_uint16),
+                ('bInterval', c_uint8),
+                ('bRefresh', c_uint8),
+                ('bSynchAddress', c_uint8)]
+
+class _usb_interface_desc(Structure):
+    _fields_ = [('bLength', c_uint8),
+                ('bDescriptorType', c_uint8),
+                ('bInterfaceNumber', c_uint8),
+                ('bAlternateSetting', c_uint8),
+                ('bNumEndpoints', c_uint8),
+                ('bInterfaceClass', c_uint8),
+                ('bInterfaceSubClass', c_uint8),
+                ('bInterfaceProtocol', c_uint8),
+                ('iInterface', c_uint8)]
+
+class _usb_config_desc(Structure):
+    _fields_ = [('bLength', c_uint8),
+                ('bDescriptorType', c_uint8),
+                ('wTotalLength', c_uint16),
+                ('bNumInterfaces', c_uint8),
+                ('bConfigurationValue', c_uint8),
+                ('iConfiguration', c_uint8),
+                ('bmAttributes', c_uint8),
+                ('bMaxPower', c_uint8)]
+
+class _usb_device_desc(Structure):
+    _fields_ = [('bLength', c_uint8),
+                ('bDescriptorType', c_uint8),
+                ('bcdUSB', c_uint16),
+                ('bDeviceClass', c_uint8),
+                ('bDeviceSubClass', c_uint8),
+                ('bDeviceProtocol', c_uint8),
+                ('bMaxPacketSize0', c_uint8),
+                ('idVendor', c_uint16),
+                ('idProduct', c_uint16),
+                ('bcdDevice', c_uint16),
+                ('iManufacturer', c_uint8),
+                ('iProduct', c_uint8),
+                ('iSerialNumber', c_uint8),
+                ('bNumConfigurations', c_uint8)]
+
+class _openusb_request_result(Structure):
+    _fields_ = [('status', c_int32),
+                ('transferred_bytes', c_uint32)]
+
+class _openusb_ctrl_request(Structure):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super(_openusb_ctrl_request, self).__init__()
+        self.setup.bmRequestType = 0
+        self.setup.bRequest = 0
+        self.setup.wValue = 0
+        self.setup.wIndex = 0
+        self.payload = None
+        self.length = 0
+        self.timeout = 0
+        self.flags = 0
+        self.result.status = 0
+        self.result.transferred_bytes = 0
+        self.next = None
+
+    class _openusb_ctrl_setup(Structure):
+        _fields_ = [('bmRequestType', c_uint8),
+                    ('bRequest', c_uint8),
+                    ('wValue', c_uint16),
+                    ('wIndex', c_uint16)]
+    _fields_ = [('setup', _openusb_ctrl_setup),
+                ('payload', POINTER(c_uint8)),
+                ('length', c_uint32),
+                ('timeout', c_uint32),
+                ('flags', c_uint32),
+                ('result', _openusb_request_result),
+                ('next', c_void_p)]
+
+class _openusb_intr_request(Structure):
+    _fields_ = [('interval', c_uint16),
+                ('payload', POINTER(c_uint8)),
+                ('length', c_uint32),
+                ('timeout', c_uint32),
+                ('flags', c_uint32),
+                ('result', _openusb_request_result),
+                ('next', c_void_p)]
+
+class _openusb_bulk_request(Structure):
+    _fields_ = [('payload', POINTER(c_uint8)),
+                ('length', c_uint32),
+                ('timeout', c_uint32),
+                ('flags', c_uint32),
+                ('result', _openusb_request_result),
+                ('next', c_void_p)]
+
+class _openusb_isoc_pkts(Structure):
+    class _openusb_isoc_packet(Structure):
+        _fields_ = [('payload', POINTER(c_uint8)),
+                    ('length', c_uint32)]
+    _fields_ = [('num_packets', c_uint32),
+                ('packets', POINTER(_openusb_isoc_packet))]
+
+class _openusb_isoc_request(Structure):
+    _fields_ = [('start_frame', c_uint32),
+                ('flags', c_uint32),
+                ('pkts', _openusb_isoc_pkts),
+                ('isoc_results', POINTER(_openusb_request_result)),
+                ('isoc_status', c_int32),
+                ('next', c_void_p)]
+
+_openusb_devid = c_uint64
+_openusb_busid = c_uint64
+_openusb_handle = c_uint64
+_openusb_dev_handle = c_uint64
+
+_lib = None
+_ctx = None
+
+def _load_library(find_library=None):
+    # FIXME: cygwin name is "openusb"?
+    #        (that's what the original _load_library() function
+    #         would have searched for)
+    return usb.libloader.load_locate_library(
+        ('openusb',), 'openusb', "OpenUSB library", find_library=find_library
+    )
+
+def _setup_prototypes(lib):
+    # int32_t openusb_init(uint32_t flags , openusb_handle_t *handle);
+    lib.openusb_init.argtypes = [c_uint32, POINTER(_openusb_handle)]
+    lib.openusb_init.restype = c_int32
+
+    # void openusb_fini(openusb_handle_t handle );
+    lib.openusb_fini.argtypes = [_openusb_handle]
+
+    # uint32_t openusb_get_busid_list(openusb_handle_t handle,
+    #                                 openusb_busid_t **busids,
+    #                                 uint32_t *num_busids);
+    lib.openusb_get_busid_list.argtypes = [
+            _openusb_handle,
+            POINTER(POINTER(_openusb_busid)),
+            POINTER(c_uint32)
+        ]
+
+    # void openusb_free_busid_list(openusb_busid_t * busids);
+    lib.openusb_free_busid_list.argtypes = [POINTER(_openusb_busid)]
+
+    # uint32_t openusb_get_devids_by_bus(openusb_handle_t handle,
+    #                                    openusb_busid_t busid,
+    #                                    openusb_devid_t **devids,
+    #                                    uint32_t *num_devids);
+    lib.openusb_get_devids_by_bus.argtypes = [
+                _openusb_handle,
+                _openusb_busid,
+                POINTER(POINTER(_openusb_devid)),
+                POINTER(c_uint32)
+            ]
+
+    lib.openusb_get_devids_by_bus.restype = c_int32
+
+    # void openusb_free_devid_list(openusb_devid_t * devids);
+    lib.openusb_free_devid_list.argtypes = [POINTER(_openusb_devid)]
+
+    # int32_t openusb_open_device(openusb_handle_t handle,
+    #                             openusb_devid_t devid ,
+    #                             uint32_t flags,
+    #                             openusb_dev_handle_t *dev);
+    lib.openusb_open_device.argtypes = [
+                _openusb_handle,
+                _openusb_devid,
+                c_uint32,
+                POINTER(_openusb_dev_handle)
+            ]
+
+    lib.openusb_open_device.restype = c_int32
+
+    # int32_t openusb_close_device(openusb_dev_handle_t dev);
+    lib.openusb_close_device.argtypes = [_openusb_dev_handle]
+    lib.openusb_close_device.restype = c_int32
+
+    # int32_t openusb_set_configuration(openusb_dev_handle_t dev,
+    #                                   uint8_t cfg);
+    lib.openusb_set_configuration.argtypes = [_openusb_dev_handle, c_uint8]
+    lib.openusb_set_configuration.restype = c_int32
+
+    # int32_t openusb_get_configuration(openusb_dev_handle_t dev,
+    #                                   uint8_t *cfg);
+    lib.openusb_get_configuration.argtypes = [_openusb_dev_handle, POINTER(c_uint8)]
+    lib.openusb_get_configuration.restype = c_int32
+
+    # int32_t openusb_claim_interface(openusb_dev_handle_t dev,
+    #                                 uint8_t ifc,
+    #                                 openusb_init_flag_t flags);
+    lib.openusb_claim_interface.argtypes = [
+            _openusb_dev_handle,
+            c_uint8,
+            c_int
+        ]
+
+    lib.openusb_claim_interface.restype = c_int32
+
+    # int32_t openusb_release_interface(openusb_dev_handle_t dev,
+    #                                   uint8_t ifc);
+    lib.openusb_release_interface.argtypes = [
+            _openusb_dev_handle,
+            c_uint8
+        ]
+
+    lib.openusb_release_interface.restype = c_int32
+
+    # int32_topenusb_set_altsetting(openusb_dev_handle_t dev,
+    #                               uint8_t ifc,
+    #                               uint8_t alt);
+    lib.openusb_set_altsetting.argtypes = [
+            _openusb_dev_handle,
+            c_uint8,
+            c_uint8
+        ]
+    lib.openusb_set_altsetting.restype = c_int32
+
+    # int32_t openusb_reset(openusb_dev_handle_t dev);
+    lib.openusb_reset.argtypes = [_openusb_dev_handle]
+    lib.openusb_reset.restype = c_int32
+
+    # int32_t openusb_parse_device_desc(openusb_handle_t handle,
+    #                                   openusb_devid_t devid,
+    #                                   uint8_t *buffer,
+    #                                   uint16_t buflen,
+    #                                   usb_device_desc_t *devdesc);
+    lib.openusb_parse_device_desc.argtypes = [
+            _openusb_handle,
+            _openusb_devid,
+            POINTER(c_uint8),
+            c_uint16,
+            POINTER(_usb_device_desc)
+        ]
+
+    lib.openusb_parse_device_desc.restype = c_int32
+
+    # int32_t openusb_parse_config_desc(openusb_handle_t handle,
+    #                                   openusb_devid_t devid,
+    #                                   uint8_t *buffer,
+    #                                   uint16_t buflen,
+    #                                   uint8_t cfgidx,
+    #                                   usb_config_desc_t *cfgdesc);
+    lib.openusb_parse_config_desc.argtypes = [
+                _openusb_handle,
+                _openusb_devid,
+                POINTER(c_uint8),
+                c_uint16,
+                c_uint8,
+                POINTER(_usb_config_desc)
+            ]
+    lib.openusb_parse_config_desc.restype = c_int32
+
+    # int32_t openusb_parse_interface_desc(openusb_handle_t handle,
+    #                                      openusb_devid_t devid,
+    #                                      uint8_t *buffer,
+    #                                      uint16_t buflen,
+    #                                      uint8_t cfgidx,
+    #                                      uint8_t ifcidx,
+    #                                      uint8_t alt,
+    #                                      usb_interface_desc_t *ifcdesc);
+    lib.openusb_parse_interface_desc.argtypes = [
+                    _openusb_handle,
+                    _openusb_devid,
+                    POINTER(c_uint8),
+                    c_uint16,
+                    c_uint8,
+                    c_uint8,
+                    c_uint8,
+                    POINTER(_usb_interface_desc)
+                ]
+
+    lib.openusb_parse_interface_desc.restype = c_int32
+
+    # int32_t openusb_parse_endpoint_desc(openusb_handle_t handle,
+    #                                     openusb_devid_t devid,
+    #                                     uint8_t *buffer,
+    #                                     uint16_t buflen,
+    #                                     uint8_t cfgidx,
+    #                                     uint8_t ifcidx,
+    #                                     uint8_t alt,
+    #                                     uint8_t eptidx,
+    #                                     usb_endpoint_desc_t *eptdesc);
+    lib.openusb_parse_endpoint_desc.argtypes = [
+                    _openusb_handle,
+                    _openusb_devid,
+                    POINTER(c_uint8),
+                    c_uint16,
+                    c_uint8,
+                    c_uint8,
+                    c_uint8,
+                    c_uint8,
+                    POINTER(_usb_endpoint_desc)
+                ]
+
+    lib.openusb_parse_interface_desc.restype = c_int32
+
+    # const char *openusb_strerror(int32_t error );
+    lib.openusb_strerror.argtypes = [c_int32]
+    lib.openusb_strerror.restype = c_char_p
+
+    # int32_t openusb_ctrl_xfer(openusb_dev_handle_t dev,
+    #                           uint8_t ifc,
+    #                           uint8_t ept,
+    #                           openusb_ctrl_request_t *ctrl);
+    lib.openusb_ctrl_xfer.argtypes = [
+            _openusb_dev_handle,
+            c_uint8,
+            c_uint8,
+            POINTER(_openusb_ctrl_request)
+        ]
+
+    lib.openusb_ctrl_xfer.restype = c_int32
+
+    # int32_t openusb_intr_xfer(openusb_dev_handle_t dev,
+    #                           uint8_t ifc,
+    #                           uint8_t ept,
+    #                           openusb_intr_request_t *intr);
+    lib.openusb_intr_xfer.argtypes = [
+                _openusb_dev_handle,
+                c_uint8,
+                c_uint8,
+                POINTER(_openusb_intr_request)
+            ]
+
+    lib.openusb_intr_xfer.restype = c_int32
+
+    # int32_t openusb_bulk_xfer(openusb_dev_handle_t dev,
+    #                           uint8_t ifc,
+    #                           uint8_t ept,
+    #                           openusb_bulk_request_t *bulk);
+    lib.openusb_bulk_xfer.argtypes = [
+            _openusb_dev_handle,
+            c_uint8,
+            c_uint8,
+            POINTER(_openusb_bulk_request)
+        ]
+
+    lib.openusb_bulk_xfer.restype = c_int32
+
+    # int32_t openusb_isoc_xfer(openusb_dev_handle_t dev,
+    #                           uint8_t ifc,
+    #                           uint8_t ept,
+    #                           openusb_isoc_request_t *isoc);
+    lib.openusb_isoc_xfer.argtypes = [
+            _openusb_dev_handle,
+            c_uint8,
+            c_uint8,
+            POINTER(_openusb_isoc_request)
+        ]
+
+    lib.openusb_isoc_xfer.restype = c_int32
+
+def _check(ret):
+    if hasattr(ret, 'value'):
+        ret = ret.value
+
+    if ret != 0:
+        if ret == OPENUSB_IO_TIMEOUT:
+            raise USBTimeoutError(_lib.openusb_strerror(ret), ret, _openusb_errno[ret])
+        else:
+            raise USBError(_lib.openusb_strerror(ret), ret, _openusb_errno[ret])
+
+    return ret
+
+class _Context(_objfinalizer.AutoFinalizedObject):
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.handle = _openusb_handle()
+        _check(_lib.openusb_init(0, byref(self.handle)))
+    def _finalize_object(self):
+        if hasattr(self, 'handle'):
+            _lib.openusb_fini(self.handle)
+
+class _BusIterator(_objfinalizer.AutoFinalizedObject):
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.buslist = POINTER(_openusb_busid)()
+        num_busids = c_uint32()
+        _check(_lib.openusb_get_busid_list(_ctx.handle,
+                                           byref(self.buslist),
+                                           byref(num_busids)))
+        self.num_busids = num_busids.value
+    def __iter__(self):
+        for i in range(self.num_busids):
+            yield self.buslist[i]
+    def _finalize_object(self):
+        if hasattr(self, 'buslist'):
+            _lib.openusb_free_busid_list(self.buslist)
+
+class _DevIterator(_objfinalizer.AutoFinalizedObject):
+    def __init__(self, busid):
+        self.devlist = POINTER(_openusb_devid)()
+        num_devids = c_uint32()
+        _check(_lib.openusb_get_devids_by_bus(_ctx.handle,
+                                              busid,
+                                              byref(self.devlist),
+                                              byref(num_devids)))
+        self.num_devids = num_devids.value
+    def __iter__(self):
+        for i in range(self.num_devids):
+            yield self.devlist[i]
+    def _finalize_object(self):
+        if hasattr(self, 'devlist'):
+            _lib.openusb_free_devid_list(self.devlist)
+
+class _OpenUSB(usb.backend.IBackend):
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def enumerate_devices(self):
+        for bus in _BusIterator():
+            for devid in _DevIterator(bus):
+                yield devid
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def get_device_descriptor(self, dev):
+        desc = _usb_device_desc()
+        _check(_lib.openusb_parse_device_desc(_ctx.handle,
+                                              dev,
+                                              None,
+                                              0,
+                                              byref(desc)))
+        desc.bus = None
+        desc.address = None
+        desc.port_number = None
+        desc.port_numbers = None
+        desc.speed = None
+        return desc
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def get_configuration_descriptor(self, dev, config):
+        desc = _usb_config_desc()
+        _check(_lib.openusb_parse_config_desc(_ctx.handle,
+                                              dev,
+                                              None,
+                                              0,
+                                              config,
+                                              byref(desc)))
+        desc.extra_descriptors = None
+        return desc
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def get_interface_descriptor(self, dev, intf, alt, config):
+        desc = _usb_interface_desc()
+        _check(_lib.openusb_parse_interface_desc(_ctx.handle,
+                                                 dev,
+                                                 None,
+                                                 0,
+                                                 config,
+                                                 intf,
+                                                 alt,
+                                                 byref(desc)))
+        desc.extra_descriptors = None
+        return desc
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def get_endpoint_descriptor(self, dev, ep, intf, alt, config):
+        desc = _usb_endpoint_desc()
+        _check(_lib.openusb_parse_endpoint_desc(_ctx.handle,
+                                                dev,
+                                                None,
+                                                0,
+                                                config,
+                                                intf,
+                                                alt,
+                                                ep,
+                                                byref(desc)))
+        desc.extra_descriptors = None
+        return desc
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def open_device(self, dev):
+        handle = _openusb_dev_handle()
+        _check(_lib.openusb_open_device(_ctx.handle, dev, 0, byref(handle)))
+        return handle
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def close_device(self, dev_handle):
+        _lib.openusb_close_device(dev_handle)
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def set_configuration(self, dev_handle, config_value):
+        _check(_lib.openusb_set_configuration(dev_handle, config_value))
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def get_configuration(self, dev_handle):
+        config = c_uint8()
+        _check(_lib.openusb_get_configuration(dev_handle, byref(config)))
+        return config.value
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def set_interface_altsetting(self, dev_handle, intf, altsetting):
+        _check(_lib.openusb_set_altsetting(dev_handle, intf, altsetting))
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def claim_interface(self, dev_handle, intf):
+        _check(_lib.openusb_claim_interface(dev_handle, intf, 0))
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def release_interface(self, dev_handle, intf):
+        _lib.openusb_release_interface(dev_handle, intf)
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def bulk_write(self, dev_handle, ep, intf, data, timeout):
+        request = _openusb_bulk_request()
+        memset(byref(request), 0, sizeof(request))
+        payload, request.length = data.buffer_info()
+        request.payload = cast(payload, POINTER(c_uint8))
+        request.timeout = timeout
+        _check(_lib.openusb_bulk_xfer(dev_handle, intf, ep, byref(request)))
+        return request.result.transferred_bytes
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def bulk_read(self, dev_handle, ep, intf, buff, timeout):
+        request = _openusb_bulk_request()
+        memset(byref(request), 0, sizeof(request))
+        payload, request.length = buff.buffer_info()
+        request.payload = cast(payload, POINTER(c_uint8))
+        request.timeout = timeout
+        _check(_lib.openusb_bulk_xfer(dev_handle, intf, ep, byref(request)))
+        return request.result.transferred_bytes
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def intr_write(self, dev_handle, ep, intf, data, timeout):
+        request = _openusb_intr_request()
+        memset(byref(request), 0, sizeof(request))
+        payload, request.length = data.buffer_info()
+        request.payload = cast(payload, POINTER(c_uint8))
+        request.timeout = timeout
+        _check(_lib.openusb_intr_xfer(dev_handle, intf, ep, byref(request)))
+        return request.result.transferred_bytes
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def intr_read(self, dev_handle, ep, intf, buff, timeout):
+        request = _openusb_intr_request()
+        memset(byref(request), 0, sizeof(request))
+        payload, request.length = buff.buffer_info()
+        request.payload = cast(payload, POINTER(c_uint8))
+        request.timeout = timeout
+        _check(_lib.openusb_intr_xfer(dev_handle, intf, ep, byref(request)))
+        return request.result.transferred_bytes
+
+# TODO: implement isochronous
+#    @methodtrace(_logger)
+#    def iso_write(self, dev_handle, ep, intf, data, timeout):
+#       pass
+
+#    @methodtrace(_logger)
+#    def iso_read(self, dev_handle, ep, intf, size, timeout):
+#        pass
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def ctrl_transfer(self,
+                      dev_handle,
+                      bmRequestType,
+                      bRequest,
+                      wValue,
+                      wIndex,
+                      data,
+                      timeout):
+        request = _openusb_ctrl_request()
+        request.setup.bmRequestType = bmRequestType
+        request.setup.bRequest = bRequest
+        request.setup.wValue
+        request.setup.wIndex
+        request.timeout = timeout
+
+        direction = usb.util.ctrl_direction(bmRequestType)
+
+        payload, request.length = data.buffer_info()
+        request.length *= data.itemsize
+        request.payload = cast(payload, POINTER(c_uint8))
+
+        _check(_lib.openusb_ctrl_xfer(dev_handle, 0, 0, byref(request)))
+
+        return request.result.transferred_bytes
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def reset_device(self, dev_handle):
+        _check(_lib.openusb_reset(dev_handle))
+
+    @methodtrace(_logger)
+    def clear_halt(self, dev_handle, ep):
+        bmRequestType = util.build_request_type(
+                            util.CTRL_OUT,
+                            util.CTRL_TYPE_STANDARD,
+                            util.CTRL_RECIPIENT_ENDPOINT)
+        self.ctrl_transfer(
+            dev_handle,
+            bmRequestType,
+            0x03,
+            0,
+            ep,
+            _interop.as_array(),
+            1000)
+
+def get_backend(find_library=None):
+    try:
+        global _lib, _ctx
+        if _lib is None:
+            _lib = _load_library(find_library)
+            _setup_prototypes(_lib)
+            _ctx = _Context()
+        _logger.warning('OpenUSB backend deprecated (https://github.com/pyusb/pyusb/issues/284)')
+        return _OpenUSB()
+    except usb.libloader.LibraryException:
+        # exception already logged (if any)
+        _logger.error('Error loading OpenUSB backend', exc_info=False)
+        return None
+    except Exception:
+        _logger.error('Error loading OpenUSB backend', exc_info=True)
+        return None

_trash/lib/python3.11/site-packages/usb/control.py

@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+# Copyright 2009-2017 Wander Lairson Costa
+# Copyright 2009-2021 PyUSB contributors
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+r"""usb.control - USB standard control requests
+
+This module exports:
+
+get_status - get recipeint status
+clear_feature - clear a recipient feature
+set_feature - set a recipient feature
+get_descriptor - get a device descriptor
+set_descriptor - set a device descriptor
+get_configuration - get a device configuration
+set_configuration - set a device configuration
+get_interface - get a device interface
+set_interface - set a device interface
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'Wander Lairson Costa'
+
+__all__ = ['get_status',
+           'clear_feature',
+           'set_feature',
+           'get_descriptor',
+           'set_descriptor',
+           'get_configuration',
+           'set_configuration',
+           'get_interface',
+           'set_interface',
+           'ENDPOINT_HALT',
+           'FUNCTION_SUSPEND',
+           'DEVICE_REMOTE_WAKEUP',
+           'U1_ENABLE',
+           'U2_ENABLE',
+           'LTM_ENABLE']
+
+import usb.util as util
+import usb.core as core
+
+USBError = core.USBError
+
+def _parse_recipient(recipient, direction):
+    if recipient is None:
+        r = util.CTRL_RECIPIENT_DEVICE
+        wIndex = 0
+    elif isinstance(recipient, core.Interface):
+        r = util.CTRL_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE
+        wIndex = recipient.bInterfaceNumber
+    elif isinstance(recipient, core.Endpoint):
+        r = util.CTRL_RECIPIENT_ENDPOINT
+        wIndex = recipient.bEndpointAddress
+    else:
+        raise ValueError('Invalid recipient.')
+    bmRequestType = util.build_request_type(
+                            direction,
+                            util.CTRL_TYPE_STANDARD,
+                            r
+                        )
+    return (bmRequestType, wIndex)
+
+# standard feature selectors from USB 2.0/3.0
+ENDPOINT_HALT = 0
+FUNCTION_SUSPEND = 0
+DEVICE_REMOTE_WAKEUP = 1
+U1_ENABLE = 48
+U2_ENABLE = 49
+LTM_ENABLE = 50
+
+def get_status(dev, recipient = None):
+    r"""Return the status for the specified recipient.
+
+    dev is the Device object to which the request will be
+    sent to.
+
+    The recipient can be None (on which the status will be queried
+    from the device), an Interface or Endpoint descriptors.
+
+    The status value is returned as an integer with the lower
+    word being the two bytes status value.
+    """
+    bmRequestType, wIndex = _parse_recipient(recipient, util.CTRL_IN)
+    ret = dev.ctrl_transfer(bmRequestType = bmRequestType,
+                            bRequest = 0x00,
+                            wIndex = wIndex,
+                            data_or_wLength = 2)
+    return ret[0] | (ret[1] << 8)
+
+def clear_feature(dev, feature, recipient = None):
+    r"""Clear/disable a specific feature.
+
+    dev is the Device object to which the request will be
+    sent to.
+
+    feature is the feature you want to disable.
+
+    The recipient can be None (on which the status will be queried
+    from the device), an Interface or Endpoint descriptors.
+    """
+    if feature == ENDPOINT_HALT:
+        dev.clear_halt(recipient)
+    else:
+        bmRequestType, wIndex = _parse_recipient(recipient, util.CTRL_OUT)
+        dev.ctrl_transfer(bmRequestType = bmRequestType,
+                          bRequest = 0x01,
+                          wIndex = wIndex,
+                          wValue = feature)
+
+def set_feature(dev, feature, recipient = None):
+    r"""Set/enable a specific feature.
+
+    dev is the Device object to which the request will be
+    sent to.
+
+    feature is the feature you want to enable.
+
+    The recipient can be None (on which the status will be queried
+    from the device), an Interface or Endpoint descriptors.
+    """
+    bmRequestType, wIndex = _parse_recipient(recipient, util.CTRL_OUT)
+    dev.ctrl_transfer(bmRequestType = bmRequestType,
+                      bRequest = 0x03,
+                      wIndex = wIndex,
+                      wValue = feature)
+
+def get_descriptor(dev, desc_size, desc_type, desc_index, wIndex = 0):
+    r"""Return the specified descriptor.
+
+    dev is the Device object to which the request will be
+    sent to.
+
+    desc_size is the descriptor size.
+
+    desc_type and desc_index are the descriptor type and index,
+    respectively. wIndex index is used for string descriptors
+    and represents the Language ID. For other types of descriptors,
+    it is zero.
+    """
+    wValue = desc_index | (desc_type << 8)
+
+    bmRequestType = util.build_request_type(
+                        util.CTRL_IN,
+                        util.CTRL_TYPE_STANDARD,
+                        util.CTRL_RECIPIENT_DEVICE)
+
+    desc = dev.ctrl_transfer(
+            bmRequestType = bmRequestType,
+            bRequest = 0x06,
+            wValue = wValue,
+            wIndex = wIndex,
+            data_or_wLength = desc_size)
+
+    if len(desc) < 2:
+        raise USBError('Invalid descriptor')
+
+    return desc
+
+def set_descriptor(dev, desc, desc_type, desc_index, wIndex = None):
+    r"""Update an existing descriptor or add a new one.
+
+    dev is the Device object to which the request will be
+    sent to.
+
+    The desc parameter is the descriptor to be sent to the device.
+    desc_type and desc_index are the descriptor type and index,
+    respectively. wIndex index is used for string descriptors
+    and represents the Language ID. For other types of descriptors,
+    it is zero.
+    """
+    wValue = desc_index | (desc_type << 8)
+
+    bmRequestType = util.build_request_type(
+                        util.CTRL_OUT,
+                        util.CTRL_TYPE_STANDARD,
+                        util.CTRL_RECIPIENT_DEVICE)
+
+    dev.ctrl_transfer(
+        bmRequestType = bmRequestType,
+        bRequest = 0x07,
+        wValue = wValue,
+        wIndex = wIndex,
+        data_or_wLength = desc)
+
+def get_configuration(dev):
+    r"""Get the current active configuration of the device.
+
+    dev is the Device object to which the request will be
+    sent to.
+
+    This function differs from the Device.get_active_configuration
+    method because the later may use cached data, while this
+    function always does a device request.
+    """
+    bmRequestType = util.build_request_type(
+                            util.CTRL_IN,
+                            util.CTRL_TYPE_STANDARD,
+                            util.CTRL_RECIPIENT_DEVICE)
+
+    return dev.ctrl_transfer(
+                bmRequestType,
+                bRequest = 0x08,
+                data_or_wLength = 1)[0]
+
+def set_configuration(dev, bConfigurationNumber):
+    r"""Set the current device configuration.
+
+    dev is the Device object to which the request will be
+    sent to.
+    """
+    dev.set_configuration(bConfigurationNumber)
+
+def get_interface(dev, bInterfaceNumber):
+    r"""Get the current alternate setting of the interface.
+
+    dev is the Device object to which the request will be
+    sent to.
+    """
+    bmRequestType = util.build_request_type(
+                            util.CTRL_IN,
+                            util.CTRL_TYPE_STANDARD,
+                            util.CTRL_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE)
+
+    return dev.ctrl_transfer(
+                bmRequestType = bmRequestType,
+                bRequest = 0x0a,
+                wIndex = bInterfaceNumber,
+                data_or_wLength = 1)[0]
+
+def set_interface(dev, bInterfaceNumber, bAlternateSetting):
+    r"""Set the alternate setting of the interface.
+
+    dev is the Device object to which the request will be
+    sent to.
+    """
+    dev.set_interface_altsetting(bInterfaceNumber, bAlternateSetting)
+

_trash/lib/python3.11/site-packages/usb/legacy.py

@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+# Copyright 2009-2017 Wander Lairson Costa
+# Copyright 2009-2021 PyUSB contributors
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+import usb.core as core
+import usb.util as util
+import usb._objfinalizer as _objfinalizer
+import usb.control as control
+
+from itertools import groupby
+
+__author__ = 'Wander Lairson Costa'
+
+USBError = core.USBError
+
+CLASS_AUDIO = 1
+CLASS_COMM = 2
+CLASS_DATA = 10
+CLASS_HID = 3
+CLASS_HUB = 9
+CLASS_MASS_STORAGE = 8
+CLASS_PER_INTERFACE = 0
+CLASS_PRINTER = 7
+CLASS_WIRELESS_CONTROLLER = 224
+CLASS_VENDOR_SPEC = 255
+DT_CONFIG = 2
+DT_CONFIG_SIZE = 9
+DT_DEVICE = 1
+DT_DEVICE_SIZE = 18
+DT_ENDPOINT = 5
+DT_ENDPOINT_AUDIO_SIZE = 9
+DT_ENDPOINT_SIZE = 7
+DT_HID = 33
+DT_HUB = 41
+DT_HUB_NONVAR_SIZE = 7
+DT_INTERFACE = 4
+DT_INTERFACE_SIZE = 9
+DT_PHYSICAL = 35
+DT_REPORT = 34
+DT_STRING = 3
+ENDPOINT_ADDRESS_MASK = 15
+ENDPOINT_DIR_MASK = 128
+ENDPOINT_IN = 128
+ENDPOINT_OUT = 0
+ENDPOINT_TYPE_BULK = 2
+ENDPOINT_TYPE_CONTROL = 0
+ENDPOINT_TYPE_INTERRUPT = 3
+ENDPOINT_TYPE_ISOCHRONOUS = 1
+ENDPOINT_TYPE_MASK = 3
+ERROR_BEGIN = 500000
+MAXALTSETTING = 128
+MAXCONFIG = 8
+MAXENDPOINTS = 32
+MAXINTERFACES = 32
+PROTOCOL_BLUETOOTH_PRIMARY_CONTROLLER = 1
+RECIP_DEVICE = 0
+RECIP_ENDPOINT = 2
+RECIP_INTERFACE = 1
+RECIP_OTHER = 3
+REQ_CLEAR_FEATURE = 1
+REQ_GET_CONFIGURATION = 8
+REQ_GET_DESCRIPTOR = 6
+REQ_GET_INTERFACE = 10
+REQ_GET_STATUS = 0
+REQ_SET_ADDRESS = 5
+REQ_SET_CONFIGURATION = 9
+REQ_SET_DESCRIPTOR = 7
+REQ_SET_FEATURE = 3
+REQ_SET_INTERFACE = 11
+REQ_SYNCH_FRAME = 12
+SUBCLASS_RF_CONTROLLER = 1
+TYPE_CLASS = 32
+TYPE_RESERVED = 96
+TYPE_STANDARD = 0
+TYPE_VENDOR = 64
+
+class Endpoint(object):
+    r"""Endpoint descriptor object."""
+    def __init__(self, ep):
+        self.address = ep.bEndpointAddress
+        self.interval = ep.bInterval
+        self.maxPacketSize = ep.wMaxPacketSize
+        self.type = util.endpoint_type(ep.bmAttributes)
+
+class Interface(object):
+    r"""Interface descriptor object."""
+    def __init__(self, intf):
+        self.alternateSetting = intf.bAlternateSetting
+        self.interfaceNumber = intf.bInterfaceNumber
+        self.iInterface = intf.iInterface
+        self.interfaceClass = intf.bInterfaceClass
+        self.interfaceSubClass = intf.bInterfaceSubClass
+        self.interfaceProtocol = intf.bInterfaceProtocol
+        self.endpoints = [Endpoint(e) for e in intf]
+
+class Configuration(object):
+    r"""Configuration descriptor object."""
+    def __init__(self, cfg):
+        self.iConfiguration = cfg.iConfiguration
+        self.maxPower = cfg.bMaxPower << 1
+        self.remoteWakeup = (cfg.bmAttributes >> 5) & 1
+        self.selfPowered = (cfg.bmAttributes >> 6) & 1
+        self.totalLength = cfg.wTotalLength
+        self.value = cfg.bConfigurationValue
+        self.interfaces = [
+                            list(g) for k, g in groupby(
+                                    sorted(
+                                        [Interface(i) for i in cfg],
+                                        key=lambda i: i.interfaceNumber
+                                    ),
+                                    lambda i: i.alternateSetting)
+                        ]
+
+class DeviceHandle(_objfinalizer.AutoFinalizedObject):
+    def __init__(self, dev):
+        self.dev = dev
+        self.__claimed_interface = None
+
+    def _finalize_object(self):
+        if hasattr(self, 'dev') and self.dev:
+            util.dispose_resources(self.dev)
+            self.dev = None
+
+    def bulkWrite(self, endpoint, buffer, timeout = 100):
+        r"""Perform a bulk write request to the endpoint specified.
+
+            Arguments:
+                endpoint: endpoint number.
+                buffer: sequence data buffer to write.
+                        This parameter can be any sequence type.
+                timeout: operation timeout in milliseconds. (default: 100)
+            Returns the number of bytes written.
+        """
+        return self.dev.write(endpoint, buffer, timeout)
+
+    def bulkRead(self, endpoint, size, timeout = 100):
+        r"""Performs a bulk read request to the endpoint specified.
+
+            Arguments:
+                endpoint: endpoint number.
+                size: number of bytes to read.
+                timeout: operation timeout in milliseconds. (default: 100)
+            Returns a tuple with the data read.
+        """
+        return self.dev.read(endpoint, size, timeout)
+
+    def interruptWrite(self, endpoint, buffer, timeout = 100):
+        r"""Perform a interrupt write request to the endpoint specified.
+
+            Arguments:
+                endpoint: endpoint number.
+                buffer: sequence data buffer to write.
+                        This parameter can be any sequence type.
+                timeout: operation timeout in milliseconds. (default: 100)
+            Returns the number of bytes written.
+        """
+        return self.dev.write(endpoint, buffer, timeout)
+
+    def interruptRead(self, endpoint, size, timeout = 100):
+        r"""Performs a interrupt read request to the endpoint specified.
+
+            Arguments:
+                endpoint: endpoint number.
+                size: number of bytes to read.
+                timeout: operation timeout in milliseconds. (default: 100)
+            Returns a tuple with the data read.
+        """
+        return self.dev.read(endpoint, size, timeout)
+
+    def controlMsg(self, requestType, request, buffer, value = 0, index = 0, timeout = 100):
+        r"""Perform a control request to the default control pipe on a device.
+
+        Arguments:
+            requestType: specifies the direction of data flow, the type
+                         of request, and the recipient.
+            request: specifies the request.
+            buffer: if the transfer is a write transfer, buffer is a sequence
+                    with the transfer data, otherwise, buffer is the number of
+                    bytes to read.
+            value: specific information to pass to the device. (default: 0)
+                   index: specific information to pass to the device. (default: 0)
+            timeout: operation timeout in milliseconds. (default: 100)
+        Returns the number of bytes written.
+        """
+        return self.dev.ctrl_transfer(
+                    requestType,
+                    request,
+                    wValue = value,
+                    wIndex = index,
+                    data_or_wLength = buffer,
+                    timeout = timeout)
+
+    def clearHalt(self, endpoint):
+        r"""Clears any halt status on the specified endpoint.
+
+        Arguments:
+            endpoint: endpoint number.
+        """
+        self.dev.clear_halt(endpoint)
+
+    def claimInterface(self, interface):
+        r"""Claims the interface with the Operating System.
+
+        Arguments:
+            interface: interface number or an Interface object.
+        """
+        if isinstance(interface, Interface):
+            interface = interface.interfaceNumber
+
+        util.claim_interface(self.dev, interface)
+        self.__claimed_interface = interface
+
+    def releaseInterface(self):
+        r"""Release an interface previously claimed with claimInterface."""
+        util.release_interface(self.dev, self.__claimed_interface)
+        self.__claimed_interface = -1
+
+    def reset(self):
+        r"""Reset the specified device by sending a RESET
+            down the port it is connected to."""
+        self.dev.reset()
+
+    def resetEndpoint(self, endpoint):
+        r"""Reset all states for the specified endpoint.
+
+        Arguments:
+            endpoint: endpoint number.
+        """
+        self.clearHalt(endpoint)
+
+    def setConfiguration(self, configuration):
+        r"""Set the active configuration of a device.
+
+        Arguments:
+            configuration: a configuration value or a Configuration object.
+        """
+        if isinstance(configuration, Configuration):
+           configuration = configuration.value
+
+        self.dev.set_configuration(configuration)
+
+    def setAltInterface(self, alternate):
+        r"""Sets the active alternate setting of the current interface.
+
+        Arguments:
+            alternate: an alternate setting number or an Interface object.
+        """
+        if isinstance(alternate, Interface):
+           alternate = alternate.alternateSetting
+
+        self.dev.set_interface_altsetting(self.__claimed_interface, alternate)
+
+    def getString(self, index, length, langid = None):
+        r"""Retrieve the string descriptor specified by index
+            and langid from a device.
+
+        Arguments:
+            index: index of descriptor in the device.
+            length: number of bytes of the string (ignored)
+            langid: Language ID. If it is omitted, the first
+                    language will be used.
+        """
+        return util.get_string(self.dev, index, langid).encode('ascii')
+
+    def getDescriptor(self, desc_type, desc_index, length, endpoint = -1):
+        r"""Retrieves a descriptor from the device identified by the type
+        and index of the descriptor.
+
+        Arguments:
+            desc_type: descriptor type.
+            desc_index: index of the descriptor.
+            len: descriptor length.
+            endpoint: ignored.
+        """
+        return control.get_descriptor(self.dev, length, desc_type, desc_index)
+
+    def detachKernelDriver(self, interface):
+        r"""Detach a kernel driver from the interface (if one is attached,
+            we have permission and the operation is supported by the OS)
+
+        Arguments:
+            interface: interface number or an Interface object.
+        """
+        if isinstance(interface, Interface):
+            interface = interface.interfaceNumber
+
+        self.dev.detach_kernel_driver(interface)
+
+class Device(object):
+    r"""Device descriptor object"""
+    def __init__(self, dev):
+        self.deviceClass = dev.bDeviceClass
+        self.deviceSubClass = dev.bDeviceSubClass
+        self.deviceProtocol = dev.bDeviceProtocol
+        self.deviceVersion = str((dev.bcdDevice >> 12) & 0xf) + \
+                            str((dev.bcdDevice >> 8) & 0xf) + \
+                            '.' + \
+                            str((dev.bcdDevice >> 4) & 0xf) + \
+                            str(dev.bcdDevice & 0xf)
+        self.devnum = dev.address
+        self.filename = ''
+        self.iManufacturer = dev.iManufacturer
+        self.iProduct = dev.iProduct
+        self.iSerialNumber = dev.iSerialNumber
+        self.idProduct = dev.idProduct
+        self.idVendor = dev.idVendor
+        self.maxPacketSize = dev.bMaxPacketSize0
+        self.usbVersion = str((dev.bcdUSB >> 12) & 0xf) + \
+                         str((dev.bcdUSB >> 8) & 0xf) + \
+                         '.' + \
+                         str((dev.bcdUSB >> 4) & 0xf) + \
+                         str(dev.bcdUSB & 0xf)
+        self.configurations = [Configuration(c) for c in dev]
+        self.dev = dev
+
+    def open(self):
+        r"""Open the device for use.
+
+        Returns a DeviceHandle object
+        """
+        return DeviceHandle(self.dev)
+
+class Bus(object):
+    r"""Bus object."""
+    def __init__(self, devices):
+        self.dirname = ''
+        self.devices = [Device(d) for d in devices]
+        self.location = self.devices[0].dev.bus
+
+def busses():
+    r"""Returns a tuple with the usb busses."""
+    return (Bus(g) for k, g in groupby(
+            sorted(core.find(find_all=True), key=lambda d: d.bus),
+            lambda d: d.bus))
+

_trash/lib/python3.11/site-packages/usb/libloader.py

@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# Copyright 2009-2017 Wander Lairson Costa
+# Copyright 2009-2021 PyUSB contributors
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+import ctypes
+import ctypes.util
+import logging
+import os.path
+import platform
+import sys
+
+__all__ = [
+            'LibraryException',
+            'LibraryNotFoundException',
+            'NoLibraryCandidatesException',
+            'LibraryNotLoadedException',
+            'LibraryMissingSymbolsException',
+            'locate_library',
+            'load_library',
+            'load_locate_library'
+]
+
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger('usb.libloader')
+
+
+class LibraryException(OSError):
+    pass
+
+class LibraryNotFoundException(LibraryException):
+    pass
+
+class NoLibraryCandidatesException(LibraryNotFoundException):
+    pass
+
+class LibraryNotLoadedException(LibraryException):
+    pass
+
+class LibraryMissingSymbolsException(LibraryException):
+    pass
+
+
+def locate_library(candidates, find_library=ctypes.util.find_library):
+    """Tries to locate a library listed in candidates using the given
+    find_library() function (or ctypes.util.find_library).
+    Returns the first library found, which can be the library's name
+    or the path to the library file, depending on find_library().
+    Returns None if no library is found.
+
+    arguments:
+    * candidates   -- iterable with library names
+    * find_library -- function that takes one positional arg (candidate)
+                      and returns a non-empty str if a library has been found.
+                      Any "false" value (None,False,empty str) is interpreted
+                      as "library not found".
+                      Defaults to ctypes.util.find_library if not given or
+                      None.
+    """
+    if find_library is None:
+        find_library = ctypes.util.find_library
+
+    use_dll_workaround = (
+        sys.platform == 'win32' and find_library is ctypes.util.find_library
+    )
+
+    use_apple_silicon_workaround = (
+        sys.platform == 'darwin' and platform.machine() == 'arm64'
+            and find_library is ctypes.util.find_library
+    )
+
+    for candidate in candidates:
+        # Workaround for CPython 3.3 issue#16283 / pyusb #14
+        if use_dll_workaround:
+            candidate += '.dll'
+
+        libname = find_library(candidate)
+        if libname:
+            return libname
+
+        # On Apple Silicon, also check in `/opt/homebrew/lib`: homebrew patches
+        # the Python interpreters it distributes to check that directory, but
+        # other/stock interpreters don't know about it
+        if use_apple_silicon_workaround:
+            libname = "/opt/homebrew/lib/" + candidate + ".dylib"
+            if os.path.isfile(libname):
+                return libname
+
+    return None
+
+def load_library(lib, name=None, lib_cls=None):
+    """Loads a library. Catches and logs exceptions.
+
+    Returns: the loaded library or None
+
+    arguments:
+    * lib        -- path to/name of the library to be loaded
+    * name       -- the library's identifier (for logging)
+                    Defaults to None.
+    * lib_cls    -- library class. Defaults to None (-> ctypes.CDLL).
+    """
+    try:
+        if lib_cls:
+            return lib_cls(lib)
+        else:
+            return ctypes.CDLL(lib)
+    except Exception:
+        if name:
+            lib_msg = '%s (%s)' % (name, lib)
+        else:
+            lib_msg = lib
+
+        lib_msg += ' could not be loaded'
+
+        if sys.platform == 'cygwin':
+            lib_msg += ' in cygwin'
+        _LOGGER.error(lib_msg, exc_info=True)
+        return None
+
+def load_locate_library(candidates, cygwin_lib, name,
+                        win_cls=None, cygwin_cls=None, others_cls=None,
+                        find_library=None, check_symbols=None):
+    """Locates and loads a library.
+
+    Returns: the loaded library
+
+    arguments:
+    * candidates    -- candidates list for locate_library()
+    * cygwin_lib    -- name of the cygwin library
+    * name          -- lib identifier (for logging). Defaults to None.
+    * win_cls       -- class that is used to instantiate the library on
+                       win32 platforms. Defaults to None (-> ctypes.CDLL).
+    * cygwin_cls    -- library class for cygwin platforms.
+                       Defaults to None (-> ctypes.CDLL).
+    * others_cls    -- library class for all other platforms.
+                       Defaults to None (-> ctypes.CDLL).
+    * find_library  -- see locate_library(). Defaults to None.
+    * check_symbols -- either None or a list of symbols that the loaded lib
+                       must provide (hasattr(<>)) in order to be considered
+                       valid. LibraryMissingSymbolsException is raised if
+                       any symbol is missing.
+
+    raises:
+    * NoLibraryCandidatesException
+    * LibraryNotFoundException
+    * LibraryNotLoadedException
+    * LibraryMissingSymbolsException
+    """
+    if sys.platform == 'cygwin':
+        if cygwin_lib:
+            loaded_lib = load_library(cygwin_lib, name, cygwin_cls)
+        else:
+            raise NoLibraryCandidatesException(name)
+    elif candidates:
+        lib = locate_library(candidates, find_library)
+        if lib:
+            _LOGGER.debug("%r found as %s", (name or candidates), lib)
+            if sys.platform == 'win32':
+                loaded_lib = load_library(lib, name, win_cls)
+            else:
+                loaded_lib = load_library(lib, name, others_cls)
+        else:
+            _LOGGER.error('%r could not be found', (name or candidates))
+            raise LibraryNotFoundException(name)
+    else:
+        raise NoLibraryCandidatesException(name)
+
+    if loaded_lib is None:
+        raise LibraryNotLoadedException(name)
+    elif check_symbols:
+        symbols_missing = [
+                    s for s in check_symbols if not hasattr(loaded_lib, s)
+        ]
+        if symbols_missing:
+            msg = ('%r, missing symbols: %r', lib, symbols_missing )
+            _LOGGER.error(msg)
+            raise LibraryMissingSymbolsException(lib)
+        else:
+            return loaded_lib
+    else:
+        return loaded_lib

_trash/lib/python3.11/site-packages/usb/util.py

@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+# Copyright 2009-2017 Wander Lairson Costa
+# Copyright 2009-2021 PyUSB contributors
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+# met:
+#
+# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+# HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+r"""usb.util - Utility functions.
+
+This module exports:
+
+endpoint_address - return the endpoint absolute address.
+endpoint_direction - return the endpoint transfer direction.
+endpoint_type - return the endpoint type
+ctrl_direction - return the direction of a control transfer
+build_request_type - build a bmRequestType field of a control transfer.
+find_descriptor - find an inner descriptor.
+claim_interface - explicitly claim an interface.
+release_interface - explicitly release an interface.
+dispose_resources - release internal resources allocated by the object.
+get_langids - retrieve the list of supported string languages from the device.
+get_string - retrieve a string descriptor from the device.
+"""
+
+__author__ = 'Wander Lairson Costa'
+
+import operator
+import array
+
+# descriptor type
+DESC_TYPE_DEVICE = 0x01
+DESC_TYPE_CONFIG = 0x02
+DESC_TYPE_STRING = 0x03
+DESC_TYPE_INTERFACE = 0x04
+DESC_TYPE_ENDPOINT = 0x05
+
+# endpoint direction
+ENDPOINT_IN = 0x80
+ENDPOINT_OUT = 0x00
+
+# endpoint type
+ENDPOINT_TYPE_CTRL = 0x00
+ENDPOINT_TYPE_ISO = 0x01
+ENDPOINT_TYPE_BULK = 0x02
+ENDPOINT_TYPE_INTR = 0x03
+
+# control request type
+CTRL_TYPE_STANDARD = (0 << 5)
+CTRL_TYPE_CLASS = (1 << 5)
+CTRL_TYPE_VENDOR = (2 << 5)
+CTRL_TYPE_RESERVED = (3 << 5)
+
+# control request recipient
+CTRL_RECIPIENT_DEVICE = 0
+CTRL_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE = 1
+CTRL_RECIPIENT_ENDPOINT = 2
+CTRL_RECIPIENT_OTHER = 3
+
+# control request direction
+CTRL_OUT = 0x00
+CTRL_IN = 0x80
+
+_ENDPOINT_ADDR_MASK = 0x0f
+_ENDPOINT_DIR_MASK = 0x80
+_ENDPOINT_TRANSFER_TYPE_MASK = 0x03
+_CTRL_DIR_MASK = 0x80
+
+# speed type
+SPEED_LOW = 1
+SPEED_FULL = 2
+SPEED_HIGH = 3
+SPEED_SUPER = 4
+SPEED_UNKNOWN = 0
+
+def endpoint_address(address):
+    r"""Return the endpoint absolute address.
+
+    The address parameter is the bEndpointAddress field
+    of the endpoint descriptor.
+    """
+    return address & _ENDPOINT_ADDR_MASK
+
+def endpoint_direction(address):
+    r"""Return the endpoint direction.
+
+    The address parameter is the bEndpointAddress field
+    of the endpoint descriptor.
+    The possible return values are ENDPOINT_OUT or ENDPOINT_IN.
+    """
+    return address & _ENDPOINT_DIR_MASK
+
+def endpoint_type(bmAttributes):
+    r"""Return the transfer type of the endpoint.
+
+    The bmAttributes parameter is the bmAttributes field
+    of the endpoint descriptor.
+    The possible return values are: ENDPOINT_TYPE_CTRL,
+    ENDPOINT_TYPE_ISO, ENDPOINT_TYPE_BULK or ENDPOINT_TYPE_INTR.
+    """
+    return bmAttributes & _ENDPOINT_TRANSFER_TYPE_MASK
+
+def ctrl_direction(bmRequestType):
+    r"""Return the direction of a control request.
+
+    The bmRequestType parameter is the value of the
+    bmRequestType field of a control transfer.
+    The possible return values are CTRL_OUT or CTRL_IN.
+    """
+    return bmRequestType & _CTRL_DIR_MASK
+
+def build_request_type(direction, type, recipient):
+    r"""Build a bmRequestType field for control requests.
+
+    These is a conventional function to build a bmRequestType
+    for a control request.
+
+    The direction parameter can be CTRL_OUT or CTRL_IN.
+    The type parameter can be CTRL_TYPE_STANDARD, CTRL_TYPE_CLASS,
+    CTRL_TYPE_VENDOR or CTRL_TYPE_RESERVED values.
+    The recipient can be CTRL_RECIPIENT_DEVICE, CTRL_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE,
+    CTRL_RECIPIENT_ENDPOINT or CTRL_RECIPIENT_OTHER.
+
+    Return the bmRequestType value.
+    """
+    return recipient | type | direction
+
+def create_buffer(length):
+    r"""Create a buffer to be passed to a read function.
+
+    A read function may receive an out buffer so the data
+    is read inplace and the object can be reused, avoiding
+    the overhead of creating a new object at each new read
+    call. This function creates a compatible sequence buffer
+    of the given length.
+    """
+    # Return an array with `length` zeros or raise a `TypeError`.
+    return array.array('B', length * b"\x00")
+
+def find_descriptor(desc, find_all=False, custom_match=None, **args):
+    r"""Find an inner descriptor.
+
+    find_descriptor works in the same way as the core.find() function does,
+    but it acts on general descriptor objects. For example, suppose you
+    have a Device object called dev and want a Configuration of this
+    object with its bConfigurationValue equals to 1, the code would
+    be like so:
+
+    >>> cfg = util.find_descriptor(dev, bConfigurationValue=1)
+
+    You can use any field of the Descriptor as a match criteria, and you
+    can supply a customized match just like core.find() does. The
+    find_descriptor function also accepts the find_all parameter to get
+    an iterator instead of just one descriptor.
+    """
+    def desc_iter(**kwargs):
+        for d in desc:
+            tests = (val == getattr(d, key) for key, val in kwargs.items())
+            if all(tests) and (custom_match is None or custom_match(d)):
+                yield d
+
+    if find_all:
+        return desc_iter(**args)
+    else:
+        try:
+            return next(desc_iter(**args))
+        except StopIteration:
+            return None
+
+def claim_interface(device, interface):
+    r"""Explicitly claim an interface.
+
+    PyUSB users normally do not have to worry about interface claiming,
+    as the library takes care of it automatically. But there are situations
+    where you need deterministic interface claiming. For these uncommon
+    cases, you can use claim_interface.
+
+    If the interface is already claimed, either through a previously call
+    to claim_interface or internally by the device object, nothing happens.
+    """
+    device._ctx.managed_claim_interface(device, interface)
+
+def release_interface(device, interface):
+    r"""Explicitly release an interface.
+
+    This function is used to release an interface previously claimed,
+    either through a call to claim_interface or internally by the
+    device object.
+
+    Normally, you do not need to worry about claiming policies, as
+    the device object takes care of it automatically.
+    """
+    device._ctx.managed_release_interface(device, interface)
+
+def dispose_resources(device):
+    r"""Release internal resources allocated by the object.
+
+    Sometimes you need to provide deterministic resources
+    freeing, for example to allow another application to
+    talk to the device. As Python does not provide deterministic
+    destruction, this function releases all internal resources
+    allocated by the device, like device handle and interface
+    policy.
+
+    After calling this function, you can continue using the device
+    object normally. If the resources will be necessary again, it
+    will be allocated automatically.
+    """
+    device._ctx.dispose(device)
+
+def get_langids(dev):
+    r"""Retrieve the list of supported Language IDs from the device.
+
+    Most client code should not call this function directly, but instead use
+    the langids property on the Device object, which will call this function as
+    needed and cache the result.
+
+    USB LANGIDs are 16-bit integers familiar to Windows developers, where
+    for example instead of en-US you say 0x0409. See the file USB_LANGIDS.pdf
+    somewhere on the usb.org site for a list, which does not claim to be
+    complete. It requires "system software must allow the enumeration and
+    selection of LANGIDs that are not currently on this list." It also requires
+    "system software should never request a LANGID not defined in the LANGID
+    code array (string index = 0) presented by a device." Client code can
+    check this tuple before issuing string requests for a specific language ID.
+
+    dev is the Device object whose supported language IDs will be retrieved.
+
+    The return value is a tuple of integer LANGIDs, possibly empty if the
+    device does not support strings at all (which USB 3.1 r1.0 section
+    9.6.9 allows). In that case client code should not request strings at all.
+
+    A USBError may be raised from this function for some devices that have no
+    string support, instead of returning an empty tuple. The accessor for the
+    langids property on Device catches that case and supplies an empty tuple,
+    so client code can ignore this detail by using the langids property instead
+    of directly calling this function.
+    """
+    from usb.control import get_descriptor
+    buf = get_descriptor(
+                dev,
+                254,
+                DESC_TYPE_STRING,
+                0
+            )
+
+    # The array is retrieved by asking for string descriptor zero, which is
+    # never the index of a real string. The returned descriptor has bLength
+    # and bDescriptorType bytes followed by pairs of bytes representing
+    # little-endian LANGIDs. That is, buf[0] contains the length of the
+    # returned array, buf[2] is the least-significant byte of the first LANGID
+    # (if any), buf[3] is the most-significant byte, and in general the LSBs of
+    # all the LANGIDs are given by buf[2:buf[0]:2] and MSBs by buf[3:buf[0]:2].
+    # If the length of buf came back odd, something is wrong.
+
+    if len(buf) < 4 or buf[0] < 4 or buf[0]&1 != 0:
+        return ()
+
+    return tuple(map(lambda x,y: x+(y<<8), buf[2:buf[0]:2], buf[3:buf[0]:2]))
+
+def get_string(dev, index, langid = None):
+    r"""Retrieve a string descriptor from the device.
+
+    dev is the Device object which the string will be read from.
+
+    index is the string descriptor index and langid is the Language
+    ID of the descriptor. If langid is omitted, the string descriptor
+    of the first Language ID will be returned.
+
+    Zero is never the index of a real string. The USB spec allows a device to
+    use zero in a string index field to indicate that no string is provided.
+    So the caller does not have to treat that case specially, this function
+    returns None if passed an index of zero, and generates no traffic
+    to the device.
+
+    The return value is the unicode string present in the descriptor, or None
+    if the requested index was zero.
+    """
+    if 0 == index:
+        return None
+
+    from usb.control import get_descriptor
+
+    if langid is None:
+        langids = dev.langids
+        if 0 == len(langids):
+            raise ValueError("The device has no langid"
+                             " (permission issue, no string descriptors supported or device error)")
+        langid = langids[0]
+
+    buf = get_descriptor(
+                dev,
+                254, # maximum even length
+                DESC_TYPE_STRING,
+                index,
+                langid
+            )
+    blen = buf[0] & 0xfe # should be even, ignore any trailing byte (see #154)
+    return buf[2:blen].tobytes().decode('utf-16-le')