MikrofonSensor und TemperaturSenor die zwei Python programme funktionieren. mit den jeweiligen 2 json Datein. Beim TemperaturSensor wird im Terminal keine Wertre ausgegeben aber in der json Datei kann man die Temp und Hum sehen.
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# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 Melissa LeBlanc-Williams for Adafruit Industries
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#
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# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
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"""BCM283x NeoPixel Driver Class"""
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import time
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import atexit
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import _rpi_ws281x as ws
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try:
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# Used only for typing
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from typing import Optional
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from digitalio import DigitalInOut
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except ImportError:
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pass
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# LED configuration.
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# pylint: disable=redefined-outer-name,too-many-branches,too-many-statements
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# pylint: disable=global-statement,protected-access
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LED_FREQ_HZ = 800000 # Frequency of the LED signal. We only support 800KHz
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LED_DMA_NUM = 10 # DMA channel to use, can be 0-14.
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LED_BRIGHTNESS = 255 # We manage the brightness in the neopixel library
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LED_INVERT = 0 # We don't support inverted logic
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LED_STRIP = None # We manage the color order within the neopixel library
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# a 'static' object that we will use to manage our PWM DMA channel
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# we only support one LED strip per raspi
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_led_strip = None
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_buf: Optional[bytearray] = None
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def neopixel_write(gpio: DigitalInOut, buf: bytearray) -> None:
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"""NeoPixel Writing Function"""
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global _led_strip # we'll have one strip we init if its not at first
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global _buf # we save a reference to the buf, and if it changes we will cleanup and re-init.
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if _led_strip is None or buf is not _buf:
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# This is safe to call since it doesn't do anything if _led_strip is None
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neopixel_cleanup()
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# Create a ws2811_t structure from the LED configuration.
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# Note that this structure will be created on the heap so you
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# need to be careful that you delete its memory by calling
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# delete_ws2811_t when it's not needed.
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_led_strip = ws.new_ws2811_t()
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_buf = buf
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# Initialize all channels to off
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for channum in range(2):
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channel = ws.ws2811_channel_get(_led_strip, channum)
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ws.ws2811_channel_t_count_set(channel, 0)
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ws.ws2811_channel_t_gpionum_set(channel, 0)
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ws.ws2811_channel_t_invert_set(channel, 0)
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ws.ws2811_channel_t_brightness_set(channel, 0)
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channel = ws.ws2811_channel_get(_led_strip, _neopixel_detect_channel(gpio))
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# Initialize the channel in use
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count = 0
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if len(buf) % 3 == 0:
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# most common, divisible by 3 is likely RGB
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LED_STRIP = ws.WS2811_STRIP_RGB
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count = len(buf) // 3
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elif len(buf) % 4 == 0:
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LED_STRIP = ws.SK6812_STRIP_RGBW
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count = len(buf) // 4
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else:
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raise RuntimeError("We only support 3 or 4 bytes-per-pixel")
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ws.ws2811_channel_t_count_set(
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channel, count
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) # we manage 4 vs 3 bytes in the library
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ws.ws2811_channel_t_gpionum_set(channel, gpio._pin.id)
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ws.ws2811_channel_t_invert_set(channel, LED_INVERT)
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ws.ws2811_channel_t_brightness_set(channel, LED_BRIGHTNESS)
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ws.ws2811_channel_t_strip_type_set(channel, LED_STRIP)
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# Initialize the controller
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ws.ws2811_t_freq_set(_led_strip, LED_FREQ_HZ)
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ws.ws2811_t_dmanum_set(_led_strip, LED_DMA_NUM)
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resp = ws.ws2811_init(_led_strip)
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if resp != ws.WS2811_SUCCESS:
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if resp == -5:
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raise RuntimeError(
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"NeoPixel support requires running with sudo, please try again!"
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)
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message = ws.ws2811_get_return_t_str(resp)
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raise RuntimeError(
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"ws2811_init failed with code {0} ({1})".format(resp, message)
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)
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atexit.register(neopixel_cleanup)
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channel = ws.ws2811_channel_get(_led_strip, _neopixel_detect_channel(gpio))
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if gpio._pin.id != ws.ws2811_channel_t_gpionum_get(channel):
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raise RuntimeError("Raspberry Pi neopixel support is for one strip only!")
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if ws.ws2811_channel_t_strip_type_get(channel) == ws.WS2811_STRIP_RGB:
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bpp = 3
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else:
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bpp = 4
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# assign all colors!
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for i in range(len(buf) // bpp):
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r = buf[bpp * i]
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g = buf[bpp * i + 1]
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b = buf[bpp * i + 2]
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if bpp == 3:
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pixel = (r << 16) | (g << 8) | b
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else:
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w = buf[bpp * i + 3]
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pixel = (w << 24) | (r << 16) | (g << 8) | b
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ws.ws2811_led_set(channel, i, pixel)
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resp = ws.ws2811_render(_led_strip)
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if resp != ws.WS2811_SUCCESS:
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message = ws.ws2811_get_return_t_str(resp)
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raise RuntimeError(
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"ws2811_render failed with code {0} ({1})".format(resp, message)
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)
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time.sleep(0.001 * ((len(buf) // 100) + 1)) # about 1ms per 100 bytes
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def neopixel_cleanup():
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"""Cleanup when we're done"""
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global _led_strip
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if _led_strip is not None:
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# Ensure ws2811_fini is called before the program quits.
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ws.ws2811_fini(_led_strip)
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# Example of calling delete function to clean up structure memory. Isn't
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# strictly necessary at the end of the program execution here, but is good practice.
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ws.delete_ws2811_t(_led_strip)
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_led_strip = None
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def _neopixel_detect_channel(gpio: DigitalInOut) -> int:
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"""Detect the channel for a given GPIO, added for support PWM1 pins"""
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if gpio._pin.id in (13, 19, 41, 45):
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return 1
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return 0
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# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 Melissa LeBlanc-Williams for Adafruit Industries
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#
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# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
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"""Broadcom BCM283x pin names"""
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# Use RPi.GPIO pins for Raspberry Pi 1-3B+
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from adafruit_blinka.microcontroller.generic_linux.rpi_gpio_pin import Pin
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D0 = Pin(0)
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D1 = Pin(1)
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D2 = Pin(2)
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SDA = Pin(2)
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D3 = Pin(3)
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SCL = Pin(3)
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D4 = Pin(4)
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D5 = Pin(5)
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D6 = Pin(6)
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D7 = Pin(7)
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CE1 = Pin(7)
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D8 = Pin(8)
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CE0 = Pin(8)
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D9 = Pin(9)
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MISO = Pin(9)
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D10 = Pin(10)
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MOSI = Pin(10)
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D11 = Pin(11)
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SCLK = Pin(11) # Raspberry Pi naming
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SCK = Pin(11) # CircuitPython naming
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D12 = Pin(12)
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D13 = Pin(13)
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D14 = Pin(14)
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TXD = Pin(14)
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D15 = Pin(15)
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RXD = Pin(15)
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D16 = Pin(16)
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D17 = Pin(17)
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D18 = Pin(18)
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D19 = Pin(19)
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MISO_1 = Pin(19)
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D20 = Pin(20)
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MOSI_1 = Pin(20)
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D21 = Pin(21)
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SCLK_1 = Pin(21)
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SCK_1 = Pin(21)
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D22 = Pin(22)
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D23 = Pin(23)
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D24 = Pin(24)
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D25 = Pin(25)
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D26 = Pin(26)
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D27 = Pin(27)
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D28 = Pin(28)
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D29 = Pin(29)
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D30 = Pin(30)
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D31 = Pin(31)
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D32 = Pin(32)
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D33 = Pin(33)
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D34 = Pin(34)
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D35 = Pin(35)
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D36 = Pin(36)
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D37 = Pin(37)
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D38 = Pin(38)
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D39 = Pin(39)
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D40 = Pin(40)
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MISO_2 = Pin(40)
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D41 = Pin(41)
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MOSI_2 = Pin(41)
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D42 = Pin(42)
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SCLK_2 = Pin(42)
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SCK_2 = Pin(43)
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D43 = Pin(43)
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D44 = Pin(44)
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D45 = Pin(45)
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# ordered as spiId, sckId, mosiId, misoId
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spiPorts = (
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(0, SCLK, MOSI, MISO),
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(1, SCLK_1, MOSI_1, MISO_1),
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(2, SCLK_2, MOSI_2, MISO_2),
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)
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# ordered as uartId, txId, rxId
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uartPorts = ((1, TXD, RXD),)
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# These are the known hardware I2C ports / pins.
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# For software I2C ports created with the i2c-gpio overlay, see:
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# https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Python_Extended_Bus
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i2cPorts = (
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(1, SCL, SDA),
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(0, D1, D0), # both pi 1 and pi 2 i2c ports!
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)
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# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 Melissa LeBlanc-Williams for Adafruit Industries
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#
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# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
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"""Custom PulseIn Class to read PWM signals"""
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import time
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import subprocess
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import os
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import atexit
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import random
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import struct
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import sysv_ipc
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DEBUG = False
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queues = []
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procs = []
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# The message queues live outside of python space, and must be formally cleaned!
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def final():
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"""In case the program is cancelled or quit, we need to clean up the PulseIn
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helper process and also the message queue, this is called at exit to do so"""
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if DEBUG:
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print("Cleaning up message queues", queues)
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print("Cleaning up processes", procs)
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for q in queues:
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q.remove()
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for proc in procs:
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proc.terminate()
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atexit.register(final)
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# pylint: disable=c-extension-no-member
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class PulseIn:
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"""PulseIn Class to read PWM signals"""
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def __init__(self, pin, maxlen=2, idle_state=False):
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"""Create a PulseIn object associated with the given pin.
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The object acts as a read-only sequence of pulse lengths with
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a given max length. When it is active, new pulse lengths are
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added to the end of the list. When there is no more room
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(len() == maxlen) the oldest pulse length is removed to make room."""
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self._pin = pin
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self._maxlen = maxlen
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self._idle_state = idle_state
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self._queue_key = random.randint(1, 9999)
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try:
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self._mq = sysv_ipc.MessageQueue(None, flags=sysv_ipc.IPC_CREX)
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if DEBUG:
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print("Message Queue Key: ", self._mq.key)
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queues.append(self._mq)
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except sysv_ipc.ExistentialError:
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raise RuntimeError(
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"Message queue creation failed"
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) from sysv_ipc.ExistentialError
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# Check if OS is 64-bit
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if struct.calcsize("P") * 8 == 64: # pylint: disable=no-member
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libgpiod_filename = "libgpiod_pulsein64"
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else:
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libgpiod_filename = "libgpiod_pulsein"
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dir_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
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cmd = [
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dir_path + "/" + libgpiod_filename,
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"--pulses",
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str(maxlen),
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"--queue",
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str(self._mq.key),
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]
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if idle_state:
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cmd.append("-i")
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if isinstance(pin.id, tuple):
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cmd.append(f"gpiochip{pin.id[0]}")
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cmd.append(str(pin.id[1]))
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else:
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cmd.append("gpiochip0")
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cmd.append(str(pin))
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if DEBUG:
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print(cmd)
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self._process = subprocess.Popen(cmd) # pylint: disable=consider-using-with
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procs.append(self._process)
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# wait for it to start up
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if DEBUG:
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print("Waiting for startup success message from subprocess")
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message = self._wait_receive_msg(timeout=0.25)
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if message[0] != b"!":
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raise RuntimeError("Could not establish message queue with subprocess")
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self._paused = False
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# pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
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def _wait_receive_msg(self, timeout=0, type=2):
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"""Internal helper that will wait for new messages of a given type,
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and throw an exception on timeout"""
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if timeout > 0:
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stamp = time.monotonic()
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while (time.monotonic() - stamp) < timeout:
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try:
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message = self._mq.receive(block=False, type=type)
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return message
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except sysv_ipc.BusyError:
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time.sleep(0.001) # wait a bit then retry!
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# uh-oh timed out
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raise RuntimeError(
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"Timed out waiting for PulseIn message. Make sure libgpiod is installed."
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)
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message = self._mq.receive(block=True, type=type)
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return message
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# pylint: enable=redefined-builtin
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def deinit(self):
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"""Deinitialises the PulseIn and releases any hardware and software
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resources for reuse."""
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# Clean up after ourselves
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self._process.terminate()
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procs.remove(self._process)
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self._mq.remove()
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queues.remove(self._mq)
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def __enter__(self):
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"""No-op used by Context Managers."""
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return self
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def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):
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"""Automatically deinitializes the hardware when exiting a context."""
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self.deinit()
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def resume(self, trigger_duration=0):
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"""Resumes pulse capture after an optional trigger pulse."""
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if trigger_duration != 0:
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self._mq.send("t%d" % trigger_duration, True, type=1)
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else:
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self._mq.send("r", True, type=1)
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self._paused = False
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def pause(self):
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"""Pause pulse capture"""
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self._mq.send("p", True, type=1)
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self._paused = True
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@property
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def paused(self):
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"""True when pulse capture is paused as a result of pause() or
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an error during capture such as a signal that is too fast."""
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return self._paused
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@property
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def maxlen(self):
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"""The maximum length of the PulseIn. When len() is equal to maxlen,
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it is unclear which pulses are active and which are idle."""
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return self._maxlen
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def clear(self):
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"""Clears all captured pulses"""
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self._mq.send("c", True, type=1)
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def popleft(self):
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"""Removes and returns the oldest read pulse."""
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self._mq.send("^", True, type=1)
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message = self._wait_receive_msg()
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reply = int(message[0].decode("utf-8"))
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# print(reply)
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if reply == -1:
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raise IndexError("pop from empty list")
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return reply
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def __len__(self):
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"""Returns the current pulse length"""
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self._mq.send("l", True, type=1)
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message = self._wait_receive_msg()
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return int(message[0].decode("utf-8"))
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# pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
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def __getitem__(self, index, type=None):
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"""Returns the value at the given index or values in slice."""
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self._mq.send("i%d" % index, True, type=1)
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message = self._wait_receive_msg()
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ret = int(message[0].decode("utf-8"))
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if ret == -1:
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raise IndexError("list index out of range")
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return ret
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# pylint: enable=redefined-builtin
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# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 Melissa LeBlanc-Williams for Adafruit Industries
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#
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# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
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# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 Melissa LeBlanc-Williams for Adafruit Industries
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#
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# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
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# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Melissa LeBlanc-Williams for Adafruit Industries
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#
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# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
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# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
|
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"""
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`rotaryio` - Support for reading rotation sensors
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||||
===========================================================
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||||
See `CircuitPython:rotaryio` in CircuitPython for more details.
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||||
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||||
Raspberry Pi PIO implementation
|
||||
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||||
* Author(s): Melissa LeBlanc-Williams
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||||
"""
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||||
|
||||
from __future__ import annotations
|
||||
import array
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import microcontroller
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||||
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||||
try:
|
||||
import adafruit_pioasm
|
||||
from adafruit_rp1pio import StateMachine
|
||||
except ImportError as exc:
|
||||
raise ImportError(
|
||||
"adafruit_pioasm and adafruit_rp1pio are required for this module"
|
||||
) from exc
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||||
|
||||
_n_read = 17
|
||||
_program = adafruit_pioasm.Program(
|
||||
"""
|
||||
;
|
||||
; Copyright (c) 2023 Raspberry Pi (Trading) Ltd.
|
||||
;
|
||||
; SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
|
||||
;
|
||||
.pio_version 0 // only requires PIO version 0
|
||||
|
||||
.program quadrature_encoder
|
||||
|
||||
; the code must be loaded at address 0, because it uses computed jumps
|
||||
.origin 0
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
; the code works by running a loop that continuously shifts the 2 phase pins into
|
||||
; ISR and looks at the lower 4 bits to do a computed jump to an instruction that
|
||||
; does the proper "do nothing" | "increment" | "decrement" action for that pin
|
||||
; state change (or no change)
|
||||
|
||||
; ISR holds the last state of the 2 pins during most of the code. The Y register
|
||||
; keeps the current encoder count and is incremented / decremented according to
|
||||
; the steps sampled
|
||||
|
||||
; the program keeps trying to write the current count to the RX FIFO without
|
||||
; blocking. To read the current count, the user code must drain the FIFO first
|
||||
; and wait for a fresh sample (takes ~4 SM cycles on average). The worst case
|
||||
; sampling loop takes 10 cycles, so this program is able to read step rates up
|
||||
; to sysclk / 10 (e.g., sysclk 125MHz, max step rate = 12.5 Msteps/sec)
|
||||
|
||||
; 00 state
|
||||
jmp update ; read 00
|
||||
jmp decrement ; read 01
|
||||
jmp increment ; read 10
|
||||
jmp update ; read 11
|
||||
|
||||
; 01 state
|
||||
jmp increment ; read 00
|
||||
jmp update ; read 01
|
||||
jmp update ; read 10
|
||||
jmp decrement ; read 11
|
||||
|
||||
; 10 state
|
||||
jmp decrement ; read 00
|
||||
jmp update ; read 01
|
||||
jmp update ; read 10
|
||||
jmp increment ; read 11
|
||||
|
||||
; to reduce code size, the last 2 states are implemented in place and become the
|
||||
; target for the other jumps
|
||||
|
||||
; 11 state
|
||||
jmp update ; read 00
|
||||
jmp increment ; read 01
|
||||
decrement:
|
||||
; note: the target of this instruction must be the next address, so that
|
||||
; the effect of the instruction does not depend on the value of Y. The
|
||||
; same is true for the "jmp y--" below. Basically "jmp y--, <next addr>"
|
||||
; is just a pure "decrement y" instruction, with no other side effects
|
||||
jmp y--, update ; read 10
|
||||
|
||||
; this is where the main loop starts
|
||||
.wrap_target
|
||||
update:
|
||||
mov isr, y ; read 11
|
||||
push noblock
|
||||
|
||||
sample_pins:
|
||||
; we shift into ISR the last state of the 2 input pins (now in OSR) and
|
||||
; the new state of the 2 pins, thus producing the 4 bit target for the
|
||||
; computed jump into the correct action for this state. Both the PUSH
|
||||
; above and the OUT below zero out the other bits in ISR
|
||||
out isr, 2
|
||||
in pins, 2
|
||||
|
||||
; save the state in the OSR, so that we can use ISR for other purposes
|
||||
mov osr, isr
|
||||
; jump to the correct state machine action
|
||||
mov pc, isr
|
||||
|
||||
; the PIO does not have a increment instruction, so to do that we do a
|
||||
; negate, decrement, negate sequence
|
||||
increment:
|
||||
mov y, ~y
|
||||
jmp y--, increment_cont
|
||||
increment_cont:
|
||||
mov y, ~y
|
||||
.wrap ; the .wrap here avoids one jump instruction and saves a cycle too
|
||||
"""
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
_zero_y = adafruit_pioasm.assemble("set y 0")
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class IncrementalEncoder:
|
||||
"""
|
||||
IncrementalEncoder determines the relative rotational position based on two series of
|
||||
pulses. It assumes that the encoder’s common pin(s) are connected to ground,and enables
|
||||
pull-ups on pin_a and pin_b.
|
||||
|
||||
Create an IncrementalEncoder object associated with the given pins. It tracks the
|
||||
positional state of an incremental rotary encoder (also known as a quadrature encoder.)
|
||||
Position is relative to the position when the object is constructed.
|
||||
"""
|
||||
|
||||
def __init__(
|
||||
self, pin_a: microcontroller.Pin, pin_b: microcontroller.Pin, divisor: int = 4
|
||||
):
|
||||
"""Create an incremental encoder on pin_a and the next higher pin
|
||||
|
||||
Always operates in "x4" mode (one count per quadrature edge)
|
||||
|
||||
Assumes but does not check that pin_b is one above pin_a."""
|
||||
if pin_b is not None and pin_b.id != pin_a.id + 1:
|
||||
raise ValueError("pin_b must be None or one higher than pin_a")
|
||||
|
||||
try:
|
||||
self._sm = StateMachine(
|
||||
_program.assembled,
|
||||
frequency=0,
|
||||
init=_zero_y,
|
||||
first_in_pin=pin_a,
|
||||
in_pin_count=2,
|
||||
pull_in_pin_up=0x3,
|
||||
auto_push=True,
|
||||
push_threshold=32,
|
||||
in_shift_right=False,
|
||||
**_program.pio_kwargs,
|
||||
)
|
||||
except RuntimeError as e:
|
||||
if "(error -13)" in e.args[0]:
|
||||
raise RuntimeError(
|
||||
"This feature requires a rules file to allow access to PIO. See "
|
||||
"https://learn.adafruit.com/circuitpython-on-raspberrypi-linux/"
|
||||
"using-neopixels-on-the-pi-5#updating-permissions-3189429"
|
||||
) from e
|
||||
raise
|
||||
self._buffer = array.array("i", [0] * _n_read)
|
||||
self.divisor = divisor
|
||||
self._position = 0
|
||||
|
||||
def deinit(self):
|
||||
"""Deinitializes the IncrementalEncoder and releases any hardware resources for reuse."""
|
||||
self._sm.deinit()
|
||||
|
||||
def __enter__(self) -> IncrementalEncoder:
|
||||
"""No-op used by Context Managers."""
|
||||
return self
|
||||
|
||||
def __exit__(self, _type, _value, _traceback):
|
||||
"""
|
||||
Automatically deinitializes when exiting a context. See
|
||||
:ref:`lifetime-and-contextmanagers` for more info.
|
||||
"""
|
||||
self.deinit()
|
||||
|
||||
@property
|
||||
def position(self):
|
||||
"""The current position in terms of pulses. The number of pulses per rotation is defined
|
||||
by the specific hardware and by the divisor."""
|
||||
self._sm.readinto(self._buffer) # read N stale values + 1 fresh value
|
||||
raw_position = self._buffer[-1]
|
||||
delta = int((raw_position - self._position * self.divisor) / self.divisor)
|
||||
self._position += delta
|
||||
return self._position
|
||||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue